Green Power offers a simple and affordable way to match up to 100% of your electricity use with renewable energy like wind and solar from right here in the Pacific Northwest. When you enroll, we’ll purchase renewable energy from independent resources on your behalf. Easily reduce your environmental impact while growing demand for more renewable energy, starting at just $4 per month.
splenule hydronephrosis perinephric ureterovesicular diverticulum syndesmophyte nephrolithiasis hydronephrosis subserosal leiomyoma osteophyte steatosis levoscoliosis dysplastic hemivertebra spondylolysis bifida sacroiliac pyelonephritis cholecystectomy striate symptomatology parenchymal physiologically ileum retroperitoneum lymphadenopathy inguinal heterogeneously adenocarcinoma kyphotic syndesmophytes schmorl's subluxation
If your cat eats better food than you, you might be a crazy cat lady.
If your photo gallery has mostly pictures of cats, you might be a crazy cat lady.
If you have an Instagram account dedicated to your cat, you might be a crazy cat lady.
Recently, Topic have/has sparked an ongoing controversy, which inevitably leads to a moot question"is it advantageous or not?". Whereas it is a widely held view that X1 is/are highly beneficial, I will discuss controversial aspects of that throughout this essay. From the psychological standpoint, X1 is/are bound up inextricably with X2, which indicates they lead to Y1. As a well-known example, a longitudinal study conducted by eminent scientists in 2014 demonstrates the relationship between Y1 and Y2. Consequently, my empirical evidence presented thus far supports the contention that the likelihood of Y3 is correlated positively with X1. Within the realm of sociology, without the slightest doubt, X2 attribute to X1, in that it would come down to Y1. A salient example of such attribution is Y1, which is a cause for concern since it was mistaken to take Y2 for granted. Had there been a paradigm shift earlier, scholars might have had the opportunity to pinpoint social problems. Hence, it is reasonable to infer the pivotal role of Topic. To conclude, as for myself, as the saying goes "all's well that ends well," after analyzing what elaborated above, I firmly believe that the advantages of Topic are of more significance.
history present illness currently dialysis hypertension atherosclerosis exertion nausea describes routinely normocephalic extraocular auscultation organomegaly extremities edema neurologic conscious focal reviewed assessment compliant disease adequacy anemia abdomen respirations respiratory evidence pneumonia ultrafiltration auscultation neurologic multifactorial atrial fibrillation hypothyroidism hemorrhoidectomy cholecystectomy fistula disposition pedal continue hemodialysis dialyzing exertional dyspnea regimen hyperparathyroidism hypothyroidism ischemic peripheral neuropathy leukemia cardiomyopathy hypophosphatemia hyperphosilimia phosphorus exacerbated hemoptysis angiotensin hyperuricemia anxiety constitutional cardiorespiratory genitourinary dysuria dyscrasias hematuria psychiatric
Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz. Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz.Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz.
aA bB cC dD eE fF gGhH iI jJ kK lL mM nN oO pP qQ rR sS tT uU vV wW xX yY zZ.aA bB cC dD eE fF gGhH iI jJ kK lL mM nN oO pP qQ rR sS tT uU vV wW xX yY zZ.
public class Verify extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { String description = request.getParameter("description"); String picUrl = request.getParameter("picUrl"); Part part = request.getPart("audio");
HttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault(); HttpPost post = new HttpPost("https://api.openai.com/v1/audio/transcriptions"); post.setHeader("Authorization", "Bearer " + request.getServletContext().getInitParameter("com.openai.key")); HttpEntity entity1 = MultipartEntityBuilder.create() .addPart("model", new StringBody("whisper-1", ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN)) .addPart("file", new ByteArrayBody(IOUtils.toByteArray(part.getInputStream()), ContentType.create("audio/wav"), "audio.wav")).build();
post.setEntity(entity1); HttpResponse httpResponse = client.execute(post);
JSONObject obj1 = new JSONObject(EntityUtils.toString(httpResponse.getEntity(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8)); System.out.println(obj1.toString());
HttpPost post1 = new HttpPost("https://api.openai.com/v1/chat/completions"); post1.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json"); post1.setHeader("Authorization", "Bearer " + request.getServletContext().getInitParameter("com.openai.key"));
String lang = request.getParameter("lang"); String txt = obj1.getString("text"); JSONObject obj = new JSONObject().put("temperature", 0.9).put("model", "gpt-3.5-turbo").put("messages", new JSONArray().put(new JSONObject().put("role", "system").put("content", "You are a language tutor teaching " + lang + ". You have given your student an image described in the DESCRIPTION. Your student has attempted to describe the image in INPUT. Give your student an assessment of whether he has matched the image description in a coherent narration. Your student should respond only in " + lang + ". If your student responds in a different language, alert them. Respond in BOTH English and " + lang + " on two lines in ALL CASES.")) .put(new JSONObject().put("role", "user").put("content", "DESCRIPTION: " + description + "\nINPUT:" + txt)));
post1.setEntity(new StringEntity(obj.toString(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
HttpResponse response1 = client.execute(post1); HttpEntity entity = response1.getEntity();
String str = EntityUtils.toString(entity, StandardCharsets.UTF_8); System.out.println(str); String resp =
new JSONObject(str).getJSONArray("choices")
.getJSONObject(0).getJSONObject("message")
.getString("content"); System.out.println(resp); JSONObject object = new JSONObject().put("response", resp).put("orig", txt.replace("\n", "<br>")); response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); response.setContentType("application/json; charset=UTF-8"); response.getWriter().println(object.toString());
try (MongoClient client1 = MongoClients.create
(request.getServletContext().getInitParameter("mongo.connection.str"))) { Document d = client1.getDatabase("bp").getCollection("pics").find(new Document("picUrl", picUrl)).first(); assert d != null; Document n = Document.parse(d.toJson()); n.put("input", txt); n.put("critique", resp);
client1.getDatabase("bp").getCollection("pics").replaceOne(d, n); } catch (Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); } } }
public class Verify extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { String description = request.getParameter("description"); String picUrl = request.getParameter("picUrl"); Part part = request.getPart("audio"); HttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault(); HttpPost post = new HttpPost("https://api.openai.com/v1/audio/transcriptions"); post.setHeader("Authorization", "Bearer " + request.getServletContext().getInitParameter("com.openai.key")); HttpEntity entity1 = MultipartEntityBuilder.create() .addPart("model", new StringBody("whisper-1", ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN)) .addPart("file", new ByteArrayBody(IOUtils.toByteArray(part.getInputStream()), ContentType.create("audio/wav"), "audio.wav")).build(); post.setEntity(entity1); HttpResponse httpResponse = client.execute(post); JSONObject obj1 = new JSONObject(EntityUtils.toString(httpResponse.getEntity(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8)); System.out.println(obj1.toString()); HttpPost post1 = new HttpPost("https://api.openai.com/v1/chat/completions"); post1.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json"); post1.setHeader("Authorization", "Bearer " + request.getServletContext().getInitParameter("com.openai.key")); String lang = request.getParameter("lang"); String txt = obj1.getString("text"); JSONObject obj = new JSONObject().put("temperature", 0.9).put("model", "gpt-3.5-turbo").put("messages", new JSONArray().put(new JSONObject().put("role", "system").put("content", "You are a language tutor teaching " + lang + ". You have given your student an image described in the DESCRIPTION. Your student has attempted to describe the image in INPUT. Give your student an assessment of whether he has matched the image description in a coherent narration. Your student should respond only in " + lang + ". If your student responds in a different language, alert them. Respond in BOTH English and " + lang + " on two lines in ALL CASES.")) .put(new JSONObject().put("role", "user").put("content", "DESCRIPTION: " + description + "\nINPUT:" + txt))); post1.setEntity(new StringEntity(obj.toString(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8)); HttpResponse response1 = client.execute(post1); HttpEntity entity = response1.getEntity(); String str = EntityUtils.toString(entity, StandardCharsets.UTF_8); System.out.println(str); String resp = new JSONObject(str).getJSONArray("choices").getJSONObject(0).getJSONObject("message").getString("content"); System.out.println(resp); JSONObject object = new JSONObject().put("response", resp).put("orig", txt.replace("\n", "<br>")); response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); response.setContentType("application/json; charset=UTF-8"); response.getWriter().println(object.toString()); try (MongoClient client1 = MongoClients.create(request.getServletContext().getInitParameter("mongo.connection.str"))) { Document d = client1.getDatabase("bp").getCollection("pics").find(new Document("picUrl", picUrl)).first(); assert d != null; Document n = Document.parse(d.toJson()); n.put("input", txt); n.put("critique", resp); client1.getDatabase("bp").getCollection("pics").replaceOne(d, n); } catch (Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); } } }
Service update for inventory and Customer Vehicles - Black
door Rap Replacement/Cleaning - This Service update includes
vehicles in dealer inventory and
customer vehicles that return to
the dealership for any reason.
This bulletin will expire at the
end of the involved vehicle's New Vehicle Limited Warranty
period. Service Update for Inventory Vehicles Only
Loosening of the Wheel Nuts. General Motors is recalling
certain 2014 model year Chevrolet Silverado and GMC
Sierra crew cabs to replace
the passenger airbag that might
not fully inflate. Less than 1 percent of the recalled affected
parts may have this condition. Very few vehicles have been
sold to customers and GM
is calling them to arrange for
repairs. Vehicles at dealerships should be repaired.
Vehicles at dealerships should be repaired before being
delivered to customers.
There are no known crashes or
injuries related to this issue.
I have had the vehicle randomly
lose the lane lines even when conditions are 7
lear and there are lines on the road.
The picture attached below is a road that I drive every day and
shows the clear conditions.
while overcast there is no rain
or snow and the camera on the vehicle lost the lines allowing
for yet another safety feature to be void in keeping me and
others safe.
@WebServlet(name = "Verify", value = "/Verify")
@MultipartConfig
public class Verify extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
String description = request.getParameter("description");
String picUrl = request.getParameter("picUrl");
Part part = request.getPart("audio");
HttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
HttpPost post = new HttpPost("https://api.openai.com/v1/audio/transcriptions");
post.setHeader("Authorization", "Bearer " + request.getServletContext().getInitParameter("com.openai.key"));
HttpEntity entity1 = MultipartEntityBuilder.create()
.addPart("model", new StringBody("whisper-1", ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN))
.addPart("file", new ByteArrayBody(IOUtils.toByteArray(part.getInputStream()), ContentType.create("audio/wav"), "audio.wav")).build();
post.setEntity(entity1);
HttpResponse httpResponse = client.execute(post);
JSONObject obj1 = new JSONObject(EntityUtils.toString(httpResponse.getEntity(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
System.out.println(obj1.toString());
HttpPost post1 = new HttpPost("https://api.openai.com/v1/chat/completions");
post1.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");
post1.setHeader("Authorization", "Bearer " + request.getServletContext().getInitParameter("com.openai.key"));
String lang = request.getParameter("lang");
String txt = obj1.getString("text");
JSONObject obj = new JSONObject().put("temperature", 0.9).put("model", "gpt-3.5-turbo").put("messages",
new JSONArray().put(new JSONObject().put("role", "system").put("content", "You are a language tutor teaching " + lang + ". You have given your student an image described in the DESCRIPTION. Your student has attempted to describe the image in INPUT. Give your student an assessment of whether he has matched the image description in a coherent narration. Your student should respond only in " + lang + ". If your student responds in a different language, alert them. Respond in BOTH English and " + lang + " on two lines in ALL CASES."))
.put(new JSONObject().put("role", "user").put("content", "DESCRIPTION: " + description + "\nINPUT:" + txt)));
post1.setEntity(new StringEntity(obj.toString(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
HttpResponse response1 = client.execute(post1);
HttpEntity entity = response1.getEntity();
String str = EntityUtils.toString(entity, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
System.out.println(str);
String resp = new JSONObject(str).getJSONArray("choices").getJSONObject(0).getJSONObject("message").getString("content");
System.out.println(resp);
JSONObject object = new JSONObject().put("response", resp).put("orig", txt.replace("\n", "<br>"));
response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
response.setContentType("application/json; charset=UTF-8");
response.getWriter().println(object.toString());
try (MongoClient client1 = MongoClients.create(request.getServletContext().getInitParameter("mongo.connection.str"))) {
Document d = client1.getDatabase("bp").getCollection("pics").find(new Document("picUrl", picUrl)).first();
assert d != null;
Document n = Document.parse(d.toJson());
n.put("input", txt);
n.put("critique", resp);
client1.getDatabase("bp").getCollection("pics").replaceOne(d, n);
} catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
@WebServlet(name = "Verify", value = "/Verify")
@MultipartConfig
public class Verify extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
String description = request.getParameter("description");
String picUrl = request.getParameter("picUrl");
Part part = request.getPart("audio");
HttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
HttpPost post = new HttpPost("https://api.openai.com/v1/audio/transcriptions");
post.setHeader("Authorization", "Bearer " + request.getServletContext().getInitParameter("com.openai.key"));
HttpEntity entity1 = MultipartEntityBuilder.create()
.addPart("model", new StringBody("whisper-1", ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN))
.addPart("file", new ByteArrayBody(IOUtils.toByteArray(part.getInputStream()), ContentType.create("audio/wav"), "audio.wav")).build();
post.setEntity(entity1);
HttpResponse httpResponse = client.execute(post);
JSONObject obj1 = new JSONObject(EntityUtils.toString(httpResponse.getEntity(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
System.out.println(obj1.toString());
HttpPost post1 = new HttpPost("https://api.openai.com/v1/chat/completions");
post1.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");
post1.setHeader("Authorization", "Bearer " + request.getServletContext().getInitParameter("com.openai.key"));
String lang = request.getParameter("lang");
String txt = obj1.getString("text");
JSONObject obj = new JSONObject().put("temperature", 0.9).put("model", "gpt-3.5-turbo").put("messages",
new JSONArray().put(new JSONObject().put("role", "system").put("content", "You are a language tutor teaching " + lang + ". You have given your student an image described in the DESCRIPTION. Your student has attempted to describe the image in INPUT. Give your student an assessment of whether he has matched the image description in a coherent narration. Your student should respond only in " + lang + ". If your student responds in a different language, alert them. Respond in BOTH English and " + lang + " on two lines in ALL CASES."))
.put(new JSONObject().put("role", "user").put("content", "DESCRIPTION: " + description + "\nINPUT:" + txt)));
post1.setEntity(new StringEntity(obj.toString(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
HttpResponse response1 = client.execute(post1);
HttpEntity entity = response1.getEntity();
String str = EntityUtils.toString(entity, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
System.out.println(str);
String resp = new JSONObject(str).getJSONArray("choices").getJSONObject(0).getJSONObject("message").getString("content");
System.out.println(resp);
JSONObject object = new JSONObject().put("response", resp).put("orig", txt.replace("\n", "<br>"));
response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
response.setContentType("application/json; charset=UTF-8");
response.getWriter().println(object.toString());
try (MongoClient client1 = MongoClients.create(request.getServletContext().getInitParameter("mongo.connection.str"))) {
Document d = client1.getDatabase("bp").getCollection("pics").find(new Document("picUrl", picUrl)).first();
assert d != null;
Document n = Document.parse(d.toJson());
n.put("input", txt);
n.put("critique", resp);
client1.getDatabase("bp").getCollection("pics").replaceOne(d, n);
} catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
Within the realm of sociology, without the slightest doubt, X2 attribute to X1, in that it would come down to Y1. A salient example of such attribution is Y1, which is a cause for concern since it was mistaken to take Y2 for granted. Had there been a paradigm shift earlier, scholars might have had the opportunity to pinpoint social problems. Hence, it is reasonable to infer the pivotal role of Topic.
Ameliorate improve upgrade modify amend revamp reform rectify overhaul, worsen deteriorate degrade aggravate injure harm impair exacerbate, Aplomb equilibrium equanimity coolness balance poise calmness composure phlegmatic sangfroid sanguinity hopefulness, agitation anxiety nervousness perturbation imbalance instability consternation, Nonchalant unconcerned apathetic indifferent stoic dispassionate stolid impassive lukewarm perfunctory, enthusiastic excited responsive interested intense, Esoteric unclear incomprehensible unintelligible vague abstruse recondite nebulous implicit obscure equivocal inarticulate arcane ambiguous cryptic dubious, comprehensible intelligible pellucid lucid explicit distinct eloquent expressive coherent transparent apparent obvious perspicuous conspicuous limpid articulate evident noticeable, Captivity imprisonment confinement bondage slavery incarceration restriction impoundment internment serfdom hostage, freedom independence liberty emancipation release, Clandestine secret hidden concealed stealthy surreptitious private covert furtive dishonest, overt straightforward aboveboard frank legitimate candid open lawful, Circuitous roundabout indirect devious labyrinthine oblique tortuous winding rambling circumlocutory serpentine meandering sinuous, direct straightforward forthright candid frank.
I shall depart for the latter town in a fortnight or three weeks; and my intention is to hire a ship there, which can easily be done by paying the insurance for the owner, and to engage as many sailors as I think necessary among those who are accustomed to the whale-fishing. I do not intend to sail until the month of June; and when shall I return? Ah, dear sister, how can I answer this question? If I succeed, many, many months, perhaps years, will pass before you and I may meet. If I fail, you will see me again soon, or never.
I shall depart for the latter town in a fortnight or three weeks; and my
intention is to hire a ship there, which can easily be done by paying the
insurance for the owner, and to engage as many sailors as I think necessary
among those who are accustomed to the whale-fishing. I do not intend to
sail until the month of June; and when shall I return? Ah, dear sister, how
can I answer this question? If I succeed, many, many months, perhaps years,
will pass before you and I may meet. If I fail, you will see me again soon,
or never.
osteomeatal supraorbital zygomatic ethmoid mucoperiosteal coronal sphenoid periorbital lucency senescent temporomandibular abscess metastasis eczema ophthalmology Alzheimer emphysema arrhythmia tonsillitis hyperglycemia pulsatile delirium psychiatrist psychologist choristomas bilobed esterase circumferential pseudomembranous natriuretic legionella urobilinogen interstitial normocytic mitotic hypoproteinemia sclerae seborrheic keratoses telangiectasias punctate ecchymosis accuzyme alginate callus coalesced epithelization fibrinous hyperkeratotic diaphoresis intraarterial ventriculogram ostium hyperdynamic
I shall depart for the latter town in a fortnight or three weeks; and my intention is to hire a ship there, which can easily be done by paying the insurance for the owner, and to engage as many sailors as I think necessary among those who are accustomed to the whale-fishing. I do not intend to sail until the month of June; and when shall I return? Ah, dear sister, how can I answer this question? If I succeed, many, many months, perhaps years, will pass before you and I may meet. If I fail, you will see me again soon, or never.
Amidst the flux of lifestyle and the innovation of connectivity networking, society, as an entity, has undergone significant transitions, which have sparked intense reflection among individuals.
Confronting challenges head-on, an act demanding courage and determination, serves as a catalyst for personal growth, nurturing resilience and capabilities to navigate life's complexities.
I believe that it is deeply rooted in a combination of internal and external factors. Subjectively, I don't have a preference because both of them offer various benefits tailored to diverse needs and choices, providing a wide spectrum of merits.
Numerous studies have demonstrated the societal, environmental, monetary, and psychological benefits/harms it conveys to us.
Socrates' enduring wisdom, "The unexamined life is not worth living," prompts individuals to embark on a journey of self-discovery. By embracing this process, authenticity and aspiration are cultivated, facilitating long-term success and receptivity to feedback.
Accordingly, I/we should focus our efforts on fostering a future/environment that is both sustainable and prosperous/promising and fruitful.
That's emblematic, integral, imperative and momentous. Admittedly, it's impressive, remarkable, expressive and meaningful.
se this form to create a typing test with the text of your choice. Each paragraph of the text will be a separate typing test. Once a paragraph is completed, the next paragraph will be used.
If you finish typing all the text you provided, the tests will start with the first paragraph you have provided.
All the stats of the custom typing tests are not saved, even if you are a registered user. Every time you start a custom typing test, the stats charts will be empty. Your speed will not be recorded in the high score table.
L’impression 3D, ou fabrication additive, est devenue au fur et à mesure des années une méthode de fabrication fiable et utilisée dans de nombreux secteurs. Mais savez-vous vraiment ce qu’est l’impression 3D, comment elle fonctionne et quelles sont les applications possibles ?
Les bases de l’impression 3D
L’impression 3D est une technique de fabrication de plus en plus utilisée aujourd’hui pour les preuves de concepts, les prototypes et les produits finis. Les entreprises implémentent l’impression 3D à différents niveaux de leur production, repensant leur stratégie d’entreprise avec cet avantage compétitif.
Les ingénieurs, designers et amateurs élaborent des applications innovante grâce à cette technologie. L’impression 3D est une technique permettant de construire des objets couche par couche, depuis un fichier 3D. Le procédé transforme littéralement la version digitale d’un objet en version physique.
L’histoire de l’impression 3D
Il y a une réelle histoire de l’impression 3D: La fabrication additive n’est pas une nouvelle technique de fabrication. Mais savez-vous quelle a été la toute première technologie développée? La Stéréolithographie, ou SLA. La première tentative a été faite par une équipe d’ingénieurs français composée de Alain Le Méhauté, Olivier de Witte et Jean-Claude André. Mais à cause d’un manque de perspective côté business, le projet a été abandonné.
C’est au même moment que l’Américain Charles Hull, développe cette technologie et dépose un premier brevet pour la Stéréolithographie SLA en 1986. Il a fondé 3D Systems Corporation et en 1988, la SLA-1, son tout premier produit commercial, a été lancé.
Dans les années 90, les principales technologies ont été développées, comme la technologie de Dépôt de fil fondu, ou FDM. C’est donc à ce moment-là que les principales imprimantes 3D et les principaux outils de CAO ont été développés.
Depuis le début des années 2000, les évolutions de la fabrication additive se font de plus en plus rapides et de nouvelles applications sont trouvées tous les ans: l’impression 3D dans le médical, dans l’automobile, ou encore pour des applications mécaniques… Cette technologie offre de nouvelles opportunités dans tous les secteurs. Nous verrons plus en détail les applications de la fabrication additive dans la suite de cette article.
Comment l'impression 3D fonctionne-t-elle ?
Il n’existe pas une seule et unique façon d’imprimer en 3D. En effet, en pensant à l’impression 3D, beaucoup de personnes pensent encore à l’impression FDM. Mais l’impression 3D est beaucoup plus que cela. Il existe actuellement plusieurs techniques pour créer des pièces de façon additive. Le choix du matériau et de la technologie sera déterminé en fonction de la nature de votre projet. De quelles propriétés avez-vous besoin ? De quelle résistance ? Voici comment fonctionnent les principales technologies d’impression 3D.
Le Frittage Sélectif par Laser, ou SLS : Cette technique d’impression 3D créé des objets en frittant la poudre à l’intérieur de l’imprimante, grâce à un laser. Durant de procédé fonctionnant couche par couche, le lit de poudre est préchauffé et un laser vient fritter la poudre en fonction du fichier 3D pour créer un objet solide.
Dépôt de fil ou FDM: Cette méthode d’impression 3D est bien connue des amateurs, mais aussi du milieu de l’éducation. Le matériau plastique est présenté sous forme de filament. Les imprimantes 3D FDM utilisent une ou deux têtes d’impression pour le dépôt de matière fondue. Le filament est fondu et extrudé à travers la buse d’impression, pour créer l’objet désiré, couche par couche. L’impression FDM est principalement connue pour être une technique d’impression 3D plastique, mais il est maintenant possible de l’utiliser afin d’imprimer du métal par exemple.
CLIP, ou DLS: La technologie DLS est développée par Carbon et fonctionne en projetant une séquence continue d’images UV, générées par un projecteur digital de lumière, à travers une vitre UV-transparente derrière un bain de résine. La zone morte créée au dessus de la vitre maintient une interface liquide au derrière la pièce. Au-dessus de la zone morte, la partie durcie est extraite du bain de résine.
Polyjet: Cette technologie d’impression 3D de résine projette des couches de liquide photopolymère durcissable sur un plateau d’impression. Le logiciel calcule le placement des photopolymères et du matériau de support durant l’étape de pré-process. Ensuite, durant l’impression, l’imprimante 3D de résine projette et traite instantanément par UV de petites gouttes de photopolymère liquide.
Stéréolithographie, ou SLA: La stéréolithographie est la première technique d’impression 3D créée. La technique SLA est un procédé d’impression 3D qui utilise un réservoir rempli de résine liquide, solidifiés à l’aide d’une lumière UV. Un objet peut être imprimé en 3D en étant déplacé de bas en haut (ou inversement) afin de créer de l’espace pour les polymères non solidifiés dans le fond du réservoir.
Frittage Laser Direct de Métal, ou DMLS: Ces imprimantes 3D créent des pièces de façon additive en frittant une fine poudre de métal. Le procédé est assez similaire à celui utilisé pour le Frittage Sélectif par Laser pour le plastique. La différence est la température de frittage, beaucoup plus élevée pour les techniques d’impression de métal. En effet, le polyamide doit être fritté entre 160°C et 200°C, alors que le métal fond à une température comprise entre 1510°C et 1600°C.
La Fusion Sélective par Laser, ou SLM: Contrairement à la technologie DMLS, SLM fond complètement la poudre et de ce fait, a besoin d’atteindre une température beaucoup plus élevée. A part cela, le procédé d’impression reste le même, un laser vient fritter la poudre afin de créer un objet solide, couche par couche.
Projection de liant ou Binder Jetting: Cette méthode de fabrication additive créée des pièces en métal de façon additive. La projection de liant utilise un agent liant, qui est déposé sur la poudre en fonction du modèle 3D. La poudre est alors traitée et solidifiée couche par couche. Une fois le procédé terminé, la boîte de construction est retirée de l’imprimante 3D et placée dans un four. Après cette étape il est possible d’extraire les pièces et la poudre est retirée grâce à des brosses et des souffleurs d’air.
Colorjet: Cette technologie crée des pièces multicolores. Comme les autres procédés d’impression, les pièces sont créées couche par couche. Deux têtes d’impression passent sur le lit de poudre afin de faire adhérer la couleur à l’objet en même temps.
Comment sélectionner la meilleure technique d’impression 3D ?
Tous les procédés d’impression 3D ont leurs avantages et leurs limitations. Toutes les industries et les projets ont leurs propres spécificités et exigences. La nature de votre projet vous aidera donc à déterminer la technologie et le matériau parfaits pour votre projet. Choisir la bonne technologie d’impression 3D et le bon matériau participera au succès de votre impression 3D. Les propriétés mécaniques de votre objet dépendent des propriétés mécaniques du matériau choisi pour imprimer en 3D.
Avez-vous besoin d’un matériau flexible, ou caoutchouteux ? Votre objet doit-il résister à la chaleur ? Avez-vous besoin d’un matériau peu coûteux pour vos prototype, ou de créer des pièces très détaillées pour votre produit fini ? Les possibilités sont infinies, mais une fois que vous avez trouvé la technique d’impression 3D parfaite, pensez à suivre les guides de design liés au matériau et au processus d’impression, afin de profiter de tous les avantages de celui-ci.
