FFF JJJ FJFJ JFJF DDD KKK DKDK KDKD SSS LLL SLSL LSLS FDFD FSFS JKJK JLJL DFDF DSDS SFSF SDSD JKJK JLJL KJKJ KLKL LJLJ LKLK FDS JKL SDF LKJ LKJ FDS LKJ FDS SJSJ SKSK SLSL DJDJ DKDK DLDL FJFJ FKFK FLFL LSLS LDLD LFLF
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If I become a prisoner of war, I will keep faith with my fellow prisoners. I will give no information or take part in any action which might be harmful to my comrades. If I am senior, I will take command. If not, I will obey the lawful orders of those above me and will back them up in every way.
If I am captured, I will continue to resist by all means available. I will make every effort to escape and to aid others to escape. I will accept neither parole nor special favors from the enemy.
I will never surrender of my own free will. If in command, I will never surrender the members of my command while they still have the means to resist.
I am an American, fighting in the forces which guard my country and our way of life. I am prepared to give my life in their defense.
My name is Royal Hamilton. I am a student at H A Halbert Jr. Public School.
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Everybody in the universe attracts every other body with a force which is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centres.
According to the law of gravitation, the gravitational force of attraction F with which the two masses m1 and m2 separated by a distance d attract each other is given by: F=Gm1m2/d^2
Here G is the proportionality constant. It is called the universal constant of gravitation. Its value is same everywhere. In SI units its value is 6.673x1 10^-11 Nm2kg-2. Due to small value of G, the gravitational force of attraction between objects around us is very small and we do not feel it. Since the mass of Earth is very large, it attracts nearby objects with a significant force. The weight of an object on the Earth is the result of the gravitational force of attraction between the Earth and the object.
LAW OF GRAVITATION AND NEWTON'S THIRD LAW OF MOTION
It is to be noted that mass m1 attracts m2 towards it with a force F while mass m2 attracts m1 towards it with a force of the same magnitude F but in opposite direction. If the force acting on m1 is considered as action then the force acting on m2 will be the reaction. The action and reaction due to force of gravitation are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction. This is consistent with Newton's third law of motion which states, to every action there is always an equal but opposite reaction.
GRAVITATIONAL FIELD
According to the Newton's law of gravitation, the gravitational force between a body of mass m and the Earth is given by
F=G m Me/r^2
where Me is the mass of the Earth and r is the distance of the body from the centre of the Earth.
The weight of a body is due to the gravitational force with which the Earth attracts a body. Gravitational force is a non-contact force. For example, the velocity of a body, thrown up, goes on decreasing while on return its velocity goes on increasing. This is due to the gravitational pull of the Earth acting on the body whether the body is in contact with the Earth or not. Such a force is called the field force. It is assumed that a gravitational field exists all around the Earth. This field is directed towards the centre of the Earth as shown by arrows in figure 5.3. The gravitational field becomes weaker and weaker as we go farther and farther away from the Earth. In the gravitational field of the Earth, the gravitational force per unit mass is called the gravitational field strength of the Earth. At any place its value is equal to the value of g at that point. Near the surface of the Earth, the gravitational field strength is 10 N kg-1.
5.2 MASS OF THE EARTH
Consider a body of mass m on the surface of the Earth as shown in figure 5.4. Let the mass of the Earth be Me and radius of the Earth be R. The distance of the body from the centre of the Earth will also be equal to the radius R of the Earth. According to the law of gravitation, the gravitational force F of the Earth acting on a body is given by F=G m Me/R^2; Me=R^2.g/G
5.3 VARIATION OF G WITH ALTITUDE
Equation (5.6) shows that the value of acceleration due to gravity g depends on the radius of the Earth at its surface. The value of g is inversely proportional to the square of the radius of the Earth. But it does not remain constant. It decreases with altitude. Altitude is the height of an object or place above sea level. The value of g is greater at sea level than at the hills.
Consider a body of mass m at an altitude h as shown in figure 5.5. The distance of the body from the centre of the Earth becomes R + h. Therefore, using equation (5.6), we get gh=G Me/(R+h)^2
According to the above equation, we come to know that at a height equal to one Earth radius above the surface of the Earth, g becomes one fourth of its value on the Earth. Similarly at a distance of two Earths radius above the Earth's surface, the value of g becomes one ninth of its value on the Earth.
The mass of the Earth is
6.0 x 10^24kg. The radius of the Earth is 6400 km.
Sun 274.2 g(ms^-2) Mercury 3.7 Venus 8.87 Moon 1.62 Mars 3.73 Jupiter 25.94
5.4 ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES
An object that revolves around a planet is called a satellite. The moon revolves around the Earth so moon is a natural satellite of the Earth. Scientists have sent many objects into space. Some of these objects revolve around the Earth. These are called artificial satellites. Most of the artificial satellites, orbiting around the Earth are used for communication purposes. Artificial satellites carry instruments or passengers to perform experiments in space.
Large number of artificial satellites have been launched in different orbits around the Earth. They take different time to complete their one revolution around the Earth depending upon their distance h from the Earth. Communication satellites take 24 hours to complete their one revolution around the Earth. As Earth also completes its one rotation about its axis in 24 hours, hence, these communication satellites appear to be stationary with respect to Earth. It is due to this reason that the orbit of such a satellite is called geostationary orbit. Dish antennas sending and receiving the signals from them have fixed direction depending upon their location on the Earth.
DO YOU KNOW?
The height of a geostationary satellite is about 42,300 km from the surface of the Earth. Its velocity with respect to Earth is zero.
MOTION OF ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES
A satellite requires centripetal force that keeps it to move around the Earth. The gravitational force of attraction between the satellite and the Earth provides the necessary centripetal force.
Consider a satellite of mass m revolving round the Earth at an altitude h in an orbit of radius ro with orbital velocity vo. The necessary centripetal force required is given by equation (3.26).
Fc=m.vo^2/ro
This force is provided by the gravitational force of attraction between the Earth and the satellite and is equal to the weight of the satellite
DO YOU KNOW?
Moon is nearly 380,000 km away from the Earth. It completes its one revolution around the Earth in 27.3 days
vo^2=gh.ro
ro=R+h
Wow, that sounds amazing! I've never been surfing, but it has always been high up on my bucket list. I have always been a fan of aerobic exercise, and I love the outdoors, so I just know that I'd love it. My coordination skills may need some work before trying it out, but I've always been good at balancing, so I think I could do it? Do you have a favorite location to surf? I love the thought of surfing somewhere that is super biodiverse and beautiful. I will have to let you know if I ever give it a shot!
Customer service should be a key focus for good businesses. Research shows that customer service truly sets apart a great business from the rest. Companies would not even exist without their customers, no matter if it is B2B or B2C. To keep customers happy, businesses should build a customer first focus and respond to their needs and wants. The value of good customer service is instant. It can quickly turn a one time customer into a lifelong customer with several upsell events. What is even more important to consider is how a good customer experience quickly spreads. Each happy customer can give positive word of mouth to others and bring in new customers. One aspect that is often missing is proactive customer service.
I am an American, fighting in the forces which guard my country and our way of life. I am prepared to give my life in their defense.
I will never surrender of my own free will. If in command, I will never surrender the members of my command while they still have the means to resist.
If I am captured, I will continue to resist by all means available. I will make every effort to escape and to aid others to escape. I will accept neither parole nor special favors from the enemy.
If I become a prisoner of war, I will keep faith with my fellow prisoners. I will give no information or take part in any action which might be harmful to my comrades. If I am senior, I will take command. If not, I will obey the lawful orders of those appointed over me and will back them up in every way.
When questioned, should I become a prisoner of war, I am required to give name, rank, Service number, and date of birth. I will evade answering further questions to the utmost of my ability. I will make no oral or written statements disloyal to my country and its allies or harmful to their cause.
I will never forget that I am an American, fighting for freedom, responsible for my actions, and dedicated to the principles which made my country free. I will trust in my God and in the United States of America.
I am an American, fighting in the forces which guard my country and our way of life. I am prepared to give my life in their defense.
I am an American, fighting in the forces which guard my country and our way of life. I am prepared to give my life in their defense.
I will never surrender of my own free will. If in command, I will never surrender the members of my command while they still have the means to resist.
If I am captured, I will continue to resist by all means available. I will make every effort to escape and to aid others to escape. I will accept neither parole nor special favors from the enemy.
If I become a prisoner of war, I will keep faith with my fellow prisoners. I will give no information or take part in any action which might be harmful to my comrades. If I am senior, I will take command. If not, I will obey the lawful orders of those appointed over me and will back them up in every way.
When questioned, should I become a prisoner of way, I am required to give name, rank, Service number, and date of birth. I will evade answering further questions to the utmost of my ability. I will make no oral or written statements disloyal to my country and its allies or harmful to their cause.
I will never forget that I am an American, fighting for freedom, responsible for my actions, and dedicated to the principles which made my country free. I will trust in my God and in the United States of America.
I will never forget that I am an American, fighting for freedom, responsible for my actions, and dedicated to the principles which made my country free. I will trust in my God and in the United States of America.
I will never surrender of my own free will. If in command, I will never surrender the members of my command while they still have the means to resist.
После сих слов Иисус возвел очи Свои на небо и сказал: Отче! пришел час, прославь Сына Твоего, да и Сын Твой прославит Тебя,
так как Ты дал Ему власть над всякою плотью, да всему, что Ты дал Ему, даст Он жизнь вечную.
Сия же есть жизнь вечная, да знают Тебя, единого истинного Бога, и посланного Тобою Иисуса Христа.
Я прославил Тебя на земле, совершил дело, которое Ты поручил Мне исполнить.
И ныне прославь Меня Ты, Отче, у Тебя Самого славою, которую Я имел у Тебя прежде бытия мира.
Я открыл имя Твое человекам, которых Ты дал Мне от мира; они были Твои, и Ты дал их Мне, и они сохранили слово Твое.
Ныне уразумели они, что все, что Ты дал Мне, от Тебя есть,
ибо слова, которые Ты дал Мне, Я передал им, и они приняли, и уразумели истинно, что Я исшел от Тебя, и уверовали, что Ты послал Меня.
Я о них молю: не о всем мире молю, но о тех, которых Ты дал Мне, потому что они Твои.
И все Мое Твое, и Твое Мое; и Я прославился в них.
Я уже не в мире, но они в мире, а Я к Тебе иду. Отче Святой! соблюди их во имя Твое, тех, которых Ты Мне дал, чтобы они были едино, как и Мы.
Когда Я был с ними в мире, Я соблюдал их во имя Твое; тех, которых Ты дал Мне, Я сохранил, и никто из них не погиб, кроме сына погибели, да сбудется Писание.
Ныне же к Тебе иду, и сие говорю в мире, чтобы они имели в себе радость Мою совершенную.
Я передал им слово Твое; и мир возненавидел их, потому что они не от мира, как и Я не от мира.
Не молю, чтобы Ты взял их из мира, но чтобы сохранил их от зла.
Они не от мира, как и Я не от мира.
Освяти их истиною Твоею; слово Твое есть истина.
Как Ты послал Меня в мир, так и Я послал их в мир.
И за них Я посвящаю Себя, чтобы и они были освящены истиною.
Не о них же только молю, но и о верующих в Меня по слову их,
да будут все едино, как Ты, Отче, во Мне, и Я в Тебе, так и они да будут в Нас едино, – да уверует мир, что Ты послал Меня.
И славу, которую Ты дал Мне, Я дал им: да будут едино, как Мы едино.
Я в них, и Ты во Мне; да будут совершены воедино, и да познает мир, что Ты послал Меня и возлюбил их, как возлюбил Меня.
Отче! которых Ты дал Мне, хочу, чтобы там, где Я, и они были со Мною, да видят славу Мою, которую Ты дал Мне, потому что возлюбил Меня прежде основания мира.
Отче праведный! и мир Тебя не познал; а Я познал Тебя, и сии познали, что Ты послал Меня.
И Я открыл им имя Твое и открою, да любовь, которою Ты возлюбил Меня, в них будет, и Я в них.
I am an American, fighting the forces which guard my country and our way of life. I am prepared to give my life in their defense.
I will never surrender of my own free will. If in command, I will never surrender the members of my command while they have the means to resist.
If I am captured, I will continue to resist by all means available. I will make every effort to escape and to aid others to escape. I will accept neither parole nor special favors from the enemy.
If I become a prisoner of war, I will keep faith with my fellow prisoners. I will give no information or take part in any action which might be harmful to my comrades. If I am senior, I will take command. If not, I will obey the lawful orders of those appointed over me and back them up in every way.
When questioned, should I become a prisoner of war, I am required to give name, rank, Service number, and date of birth. I will evade answering further questions to the utmost of my ability. I will make no oral or written statements disloyal to my country and its allies or harmful to their cause.
I will never forget that I am an American, fighting for freedom, responsible for my actions, and dedicated to the principles which made my country free. I will trust in my God and the United States of America.
I am an American, fighting in the forces which guard my country and our way of life. I am prepared to give my life in their defense.
I will never surrender of my own free will. If in commander, I will never surrender the members of my command while they still have the means to resist.
