The Serpent with a Long Memory. If hurt or deceived, this man will show no anger on the surface; he will calculate and wait. Then, when he is in a position to turn the tables, he will exact a revenge marked by a coldblooded shrewdness. Recognize this man by his calculation and cunning in the different areas of his life. He is usually cold and unaffectionate. Be doubly careful of this snake, and if you have somehow injured him, either crush him completely or get him out of your sight.
Mr. Suspicion. Another variant on the breeds above, this is a future Joe Stalin. He sees what he wants to see usually the worst in other people, and imagines that everyone is after him. Mr. Suspicion is in fact the least dangerous of the three: Genuinely unbalanced, he is easy to deceive, just as Stalin himself was constantly deceived. Play on his suspicious nature to get him to turn against other people. But if you do become the target of his suspicions, watch out.
The Hopelessly Insecure Man. This man is related to the proud and arrogant type, but is less violent and harder to spot. His ego is fragile, his sense of self insecure, and if he feels himself deceived or attacked, the hurt will simmer. He will attack you in bites that will take forever to get big enough for you to notice. If you find you have deceived or harmed such a man, disappear for a long time. Do not stay around him or he will nibble you to death.
The Arrogant and Proud Man. Although he may initially disguise it, this man's touchy pride makes him very dangerous. Any perceived slight will lead to a vengeance of overwhelming violence. You may say to yourself, "But I only said such-and-such at a party, where everyone was drunk...." It does not matter. There is no sanity behind his overreaction, so do not waste time trying to figure him out. If at any point in your dealings with a person you sense an oversensitive and overactive pride, flee. Whatever you are hoping for from him isn't worth it.
Know Who You're Dealing With Do Not Offend The Wrong Person
Opponents, Suckers, And Victims: Preliminary Typology
In your rise to power you will come across many breeds of opponent, sucker, and victim. The highest form of the art of power is the ability to distinguish the wolves from the lambs, the foxes from the hares, the hawks from the vultures. If you make this distinction well, you will succeed without needing to coerce anyone too much. But if you deal blindly with whomever crosses your path, you will have a life of constant sorrow, if you even live that long. Being able to recognize types of people, and to act accordingly, is critical. The following are the five most dangerous and difficult types of mark in the jungle, as identified by artists con and otherwise of the past.
MacOS is een populair besturingssysteem, ontwikkeld door Apple, dat vaak wordt gekozen vanwege zijn beveiligingskenmerken en gebruikersvriendelijkheid. Dit systeem is gebaseerd op Unix, wat betekent dat het van nature enkele inherente beveiligingsvoordelen biedt. In tegenstelling tot Windows, dat het grootste marktaandeel heeft en daarmee een aantrekkelijker doelwit is voor cyberaanvallen, wordt MacOS minder vaak getroffen door malware. Toch is MacOS niet immuun voor cyberbedreigingen, en als cybersecurityspecialist is het essentieel om te begrijpen hoe dit systeem werkt en welke beschermingsmaatregelen genomen kunnen worden.
MacOS maakt gebruik van een aantal beveiligingslagen die samenwerken om het systeem te beschermen tegen kwaadaardige software en onbevoegde toegang. Een van deze lagen is het systeem van rechten en machtigingen, waarbij elk proces of programma specifieke toegangsrechten krijgt. Dit betekent dat een gebruiker of applicatie alleen toegang heeft tot bestanden en mappen waarvoor expliciete toestemming is verleend. Hierdoor kunnen gebruikers ongewenste wijzigingen aan hun systeem beperken.
Een ander belangrijk kenmerk van MacOS is Gatekeeper, een ingebouwde beveiligingstechnologie die voorkomt dat niet-geautoriseerde software op het systeem wordt uitgevoerd. Gatekeeper controleert of de bron van een applicatie legitiem is door het te vergelijken met de digitale handtekeningen die door Apple zijn verstrekt. Als een applicatie van buiten de Apple App Store wordt gedownload, waarschuwt Gatekeeper de gebruiker en vraagt om expliciete toestemming om de app te openen. Dit helpt om te voorkomen dat malware ongemerkt wordt geïnstalleerd.
Daarnaast heeft MacOS een ingebouwde firewall waarmee gebruikers hun netwerkverkeer kunnen beheren. Deze firewall biedt een belangrijke beschermingslaag tegen ongeautoriseerde verbindingen en voorkomt dat kwaadaardige actoren toegang krijgen tot het systeem via het netwerk. De firewall kan worden aangepast om bepaalde verbindingen toe te staan of te blokkeren, afhankelijk van de beveiligingsvereisten van de gebruiker. Dit is vooral belangrijk bij het verbinden met openbare netwerken, waar de kans op ongeautoriseerde toegang groter is.
MacOS maakt ook gebruik van XProtect, een antimalwareprogramma dat automatisch werkt om schadelijke software te detecteren en te blokkeren. XProtect controleert het systeem voortdurend en wordt regelmatig bijgewerkt om de nieuwste malwaredefinities te bevatten. Wanneer XProtect een verdachte applicatie detecteert, wordt de gebruiker gewaarschuwd, en de schadelijke software wordt geblokkeerd. Hoewel XProtect niet de uitgebreide bescherming biedt van commerciële antivirussoftware, vormt het een essentiële eerste verdedigingslinie tegen veelvoorkomende malware.
Naast de ingebouwde beveiligingsopties heeft MacOS ook een robuuste infrastructuur voor encryptie. FileVault is de encryptietechnologie die door MacOS wordt gebruikt om gegevens op de harde schijf te versleutelen. Dit betekent dat als een Mac gestolen wordt of verloren gaat, de gegevens moeilijker toegankelijk zijn voor onbevoegden. FileVault maakt gebruik van krachtige AES-256-codering om ervoor te zorgen dat de gegevens veilig blijven, zelfs als de hardware in verkeerde handen valt. Het activeren van FileVault is sterk aanbevolen voor gebruikers die met gevoelige gegevens werken, vooral in sectoren zoals cybersecurity waar gegevensbeveiliging essentieel is.
Een ander belangrijk element van de beveiliging op MacOS is het beheer van systeemupdates. Apple brengt regelmatig updates uit die niet alleen nieuwe functies en verbeteringen bevatten, maar ook belangrijke beveiligingspatches. Het is cruciaal voor cybersecurityprofessionals om ervoor te zorgen dat deze updates zo snel mogelijk worden geïnstalleerd om kwetsbaarheden te minimaliseren. Aanvallers zijn vaak snel om misbruik te maken van bekende zwakke plekken in systemen die nog niet zijn bijgewerkt. Automatische updates zorgen ervoor dat MacOS-gebruikers minder kwetsbaar zijn voor bekende bedreigingen.
Cybersecurity op MacOS vereist echter niet alleen kennis van de ingebouwde beveiligingsfuncties. Het is ook belangrijk om te begrijpen hoe MacOS zich verhoudt tot netwerkbeveiliging en hoe applicaties van derden kunnen worden beheerd. Het installeren van beveiligingstools zoals VPN’s en netwerkmonitoringsoftware kan helpen om verbindingen te beveiligen en verdachte activiteiten op te sporen. Bovendien moeten gebruikers zich bewust zijn van de gevaren van social engineering en phishing, aangezien deze aanvallen vaak onafhankelijk zijn van het besturingssysteem en gericht zijn op de gebruiker zelf.
Voor een cybersecurityspecialist biedt MacOS interessante mogelijkheden om beveiliging te optimaliseren door het implementeren van extra beveiligingslagen. Hoewel de standaardinstellingen van MacOS al robuust zijn, kan het aanpassen van de instellingen voor specifieke beveiligingsbehoeften zorgen voor een hogere mate van bescherming. Het is ook mogelijk om met behulp van terminalcommando’s geavanceerde configuraties uit te voeren en scripts te schrijven die routinetaken automatiseren, zoals het controleren van logbestanden of het beheren van back-ups. Deze mate van controle kan handig zijn om ervoor te zorgen dat alle aspecten van de systeembeveiliging gedekt zijn.
Daarnaast biedt MacOS ondersteuning voor tools zoals Wireshark, Nmap en Burp Suite, die essentieel zijn voor cybersecurityprofessionals bij het uitvoeren van netwerkbeveiligingstests en kwetsbaarheidsanalyses. De compatibiliteit van MacOS met deze tools maakt het een waardevol platform voor professionals die penetratietests uitvoeren en risico’s in kaart willen brengen.
The Honorable Melissa G. Dalton
General James C. Slife
General Michael A. Guetlein
In matters of principle, stand like a rock; in matters of taste, swim with the current. Give up money, give up fame, give up science, give up earth itself and all it contains, rather than do an immoral act. And never suppose that in any situation, or under any circumstances, it is best for you to do a dishonorable thing. Whenever you are to do a thing, though it can never be known but to yourself, ask yourself how you would act were all the world looking at you, and act accordingly.
Duty, honor, country: Those three hallowed words reverently dictate what you ought to be, what you can be, what you will be. They are your rallying point to build courage when courage seems to fail, to regain faith when there seems to be little cause for faith, to create hope when hope becomes forlorn.
When questioned, should I become a prisoner of war, I am required to give name, rank, Service Number, and date of birth. I will evade answering further questions to the utmost of my ability. I will make no oral or written statements disloyal to my country and its allies or harmful to their cause.
I will never forget that I am an American, fighting for freedom, responsible for my actions, and dedicated to the principles which made my country free. I will trust in my God and in the United States of America.
What's that supposed to be about baby go free of your vibe stop acting crazy, you know I give you the good loving daily
Robbery is larceny with two additional requirements: (1) the property must be taken from the person or presence of another; and (2) the taking must be accomplished by means of force or fear.
A "claim of right" to property is a belief that the defendant has the right to take the property. A legitimate claim of right negates the intent-to-steal element of larceny and robbery. A defendant who takes property in satisfaction of an liquidated debt or takes more than the amount of the debt has no legitimate claim of right.
Robbery by force requires that the defendant take the property from the person of another by force, however slight. Force is sufficient for robbery if it is sufficient to overcome the victim's resistance or struggle.
Some jurisdictions hold that a defendant may be convicted of multiple robberies if the defendant uses force/fear on multiple individuals even if the defendant only takes property from one person. Other jurisdictions hold a defendant may be convicted of only one robbery if the defendant takes property from only on person even if the defendant uses force/fear on multiple individuals.
Robbery requires that the property be taken from the person or presence of another and be in the victim's possession, actual or constructive. Possession requires the defendant to exercise actual control over the property or have authority to exercise control over the property.
Some jurisdictions require the use of force or fear to facilitate the taking of property itself and thus precede or be concurrent with the taking. Other jurisdictions allow the use of force or fear to occur anytime "in the course of" the theft, including after the taking if the defendant uses the force or fear in resisting an attempt to regain the property or during flight.
Common law burglary is the breaking and entering of the dwelling house of another in the nighttime with the intent to commit a felony.
MPC 221.1(1), Burglary: The entering of a building or occupied structure or separately occupied portion thereof, with the purpose to commit a crime therein.
Breaking: the common-law breaking requirement required the defendant to create the opening in the premises through which the defendant entered.
Entering: Burglary occurs only if the entry into the premises is trespassory, that is, without invitation of the owner. If authority is granted only to enter certain portions of the building, entering other portions is trespassory. Further, if the invitation to enter is obtained by trick, entry is trespassory.
Entry may occur by the defendant's body or an instrument. In most jurisdictions, insertion of an instrument into the premises is sufficient whether the instrument is being used to commit the target felony or solely to gain entry. In common law jurisdiction, insertion of an instrument into the premises is sufficient only if the instrument is being used to commit the target felony, not solely to gain entry.
A dwelling is a place where at least one person resides. Under the MPC, a "building or occupied structure" is one used as a dwelling or as a place for doing business.
The defendant has the requisite mental state for burglary only if the defendant enters while already having the purpose to commit the felony (common law) or crime (MPC).
False pretenses is the false representation of a material present or past fact which causes the victim to pass title to his property to the wrongdoer who knows his representation to be false and intends thereby to defraud the victim.
A representation is material if it would reasonably tend to influence the conduct of the victim.
In some jurisdictions, a promise the promisor does not intend to keep constitutes a statement of present fact. In other jurisdictions, a promise the promisor does not intend to keep constitutes a statement of future fact.
The victim must pass title to the property in reliance on the false representation.
False pretenses requires the victim to actually pass title of the property to the defendant. If the victim merely passes possession to the defendant, assuming the other elements of false pretenses are satisfied, the crime is "larceny by trick" rather than false pretenses.
A defendant has intent to defraud if the defendant purposely deprives the owner of the property by deceit.
Embezzlement is the fraudulent conversion of the property of another by one who is already in lawful possession of it.
Embezzlement requires the defendant to have already have actual or constructive possession of the property. Possession requires the defendant to have authority to exercise control over the property based on being in a position of trust with respect to the property.
Larceny is the trespassory taking and carrying away of the personal property of another with intent to steal it.
At common law, asportation requires some movement, even slight. Most modern jurisdictions simply require the defendant to exercise control over the property.
Larceny requires a "trespassory" "taking," that is the exercise of control over the property in a manner inconsistent with the continued rights of the owner.
The intent to steal element requires the defendant to intend to (purposely) exercise permanent or virtually permanent control over the property.
The danger is, however, that this kind of isolation will sire all kinds of strange and perverted ideas. You may gain perspective on the larger picture, but you lose a sense of your own smallness and limitations. Also, the more isolated you are, the harder it is to break out of your isolation when you choose to it sinks you deep into its quicksand without your noticing. If you need time to think, then, choose isolation only as a last resort, and only in small doses. Be careful to keep your way back into society open.
Reversal
It is hardly ever right and propitious to choose isolation. Without keeping an ear on what is happening in the streets, you will be unable to protect yourself. About the only thing that constant human contact cannot facilitate is thought. The weight of society's pressure to conform, and the lack of distance from other people, can make it impossible to think clearly about what is going on around you. As a temporary recourse, then, isolation can help you to gain perspective. Many a serious thinker has been produced in prisons, where we have nothing to do but think. Machiavelli could write The Prince only once he found himself in exile and isolated on a farm far from the political intrigues of Florence.
Principal in the First Degree: A person who actually commits a crime. This actor is not an accomplice.
Principal in the Second Degree: A person who aids, supports, counsels, commands, or encourages the perpetrator in committing the crime. This actor is an accomplice.
Accessory Before the Fact: A person who aids, supports, counsels, commands, or encourages the perpetrator to commit the crime but who is not present during the commission of the crime. This actor is an accomplice.
Accessory After the Fact : A person who aids an individual knowing the individual has committed a crime in an effort to hinder the individual’s detection, arrest, trial, or punishment. Accessories after the fact are guilty of a separate crime, so this section on accomplice liability does not apply to accessories after the fact.
Accomplice Liability, Generally (MPC 2.06(1) & (2)(c)): A person is guilty of an offense if it is committed by his own conduct or by the conduct of another person for that he is legally accountable, or both. A person is legally accountable for the conduct of another person if he is an accomplice of such other person.
Accomplice liability, Intentional Action of Accomplice: An accomplice is liable if the accomplice: (1) has intent that the criminal act be committed and (2) commits an act that causes, encourages, assists, or induces the principal to commit the offense. I is sufficient that the aider and abettor commit the act while knowing the principal's intent to commit a crime, irrespective of whether the aider and abettor actually has a desire for the criminal act to succeed.
Accomplice liability, Common Criminal Design: Even without an act of his or her own, an accomplice is liable for the actions of his associates committed in furtherance of a common criminal design.
Accomplice liability, Independent Act: A person is not liable as an accomplice for an independent act of the principal, that is, an act not in furtherance of the common criminal scheme.
Terminating accomplice liability (MPC 2.06(6)(c)): A person is not an accomplice if he terminates his complicity prior to the commission of the offense AND (i) wholly deprives it of effectiveness in the commission of the offense; or (ii) gives timely warning to the law enforcement authorities or otherwise makes proper effort to prevent the commission of the offense.
Accomplice or co-conspirator? A person can be liable as an accomplice even though not as a co-conspirator.
Authority: A good and wise prince, desirous of maintaining that character, and to avoid giving the opportunity to his sons to become oppressive, will never build fortresses, so that they may place their reliance upon the good will of their subjects, and not upon the strength of citadels. (Niccolo Machiavelli, 1469-1527)
Image: The Fortress. High up on the hill, the citadel becomes a symbol of all that is hateful in power and authority. The citizens of the town betray you to the first enemy that comes. Cut off from communication and intelligence, the citadel falls with ease.
Deterrence or prevention: Punishing an offender aims to deter future violations of the law. “Specific deterrence” refers to the purpose of deterring the offender himself from reoffending while “general deterrence” refers to the purpose of deterring other offenders from committing the same offense.
Incapacitation (or “restraint”): punishing an offender protects society from the offender by isolating the offender from members of society.
Rehabilitation: Punishing an offender gives the offender the opportunity to receive treatment so that the offender can be returned to society reformed, no longer desiring or needing to violate the law.
Education: Punishing offenders educates the public about the difference between criminal and non-criminal conduct.
Retribution: Punishing an offender is morally fair to recompense for the offender's crime.
MPC 2.01(2) & (3). Actus Reus: A person is not guilty of an offense unless his liability is based on conduct that includes a voluntary act or the omission to perform an act of that he is physically capable. An omission cannot form the basis for criminal liability unless the omission is expressly made sufficient by the law defining the offense or a duty to perform the act is otherwise imposed by law.
Mens Rea: The state of mind required to commit an offense. There are four levels of mens rea, from most to least culpable: purposely, knowingly, recklessly, and negligently.
MPC 2.02(2)(a). Purposely: A person acts purposely with respect to a material element of an offense when: (i) if the element involves the nature of conduct or a result of his conduct, it is his conscious object to engage in certain conduct or to cause a certain result; or (ii) if the element involves the attendant circumstances, he is aware of the existence the circumstances or believes or hopes they exist.
MPC 2.02(2)(b). Knowingly: A person acts knowingly with respect to a material element of an offense when: (i) if the element involves the nature of his conduct or the attendant circumstances, he is aware that his conduct is of that nature or that such circumstances exist; and (ii) if the element involves a result of his conduct, he is aware that it is practically certain that his conduct will cause such a result.
MPC 2.02(2)(c). Recklessly: A person acts recklessly with respect to a material element of an offense when he consciously disregards a substantial and unjustifiable risk that the material element exists or will result from his conduct. Recklessness involves a gross deviation from the standard of conduct a law-abiding person would observe in the actor’s situation.
MPC 2.02(2)(d). Negligently: A person acts negligently with respect to a material element of an offence when he should be aware of a substantial and unjustifiable risk that the material element exists or will result from his conduct. Negligence involves a gross deviation from the standard of care a reasonable person would observe in the actor’s situation.
MPC 2.02(3) & 2.02(5): When the culpability sufficient to establish a material element of an offense is not prescribed by law, such element is established if a person acts purposely, knowingly, or recklessly. hen the law provides that negligence suffices to establish an element of an offense, such element also is established if a person acts purposely, knowingly, or recklessly. When recklessness suffices to establish an element, such element also is established if a person acts purposely or knowingly. When acting knowingly suffices to establish an element, such element also is established if a person acts purposely.
When mistakes are defenses (MPC 2.04(1)): Ignorance or mistake of fact or law is a defense if: (a) it negates the purpose, knowledge, belief, recklessness, or negligence required to establish a material element of the offense; or (b) the law provides that the state of mind established by such ignorance or mistake constitutes a defense.
Mistakes & Grading (MPC 2.04(2)): Ignorance or Mistake is not a defense if the defendant would be guilty of another offense had the situation been as the defendant supposed. However, in that circumstance, the ignorance or mistake will reduce the grade of the offense committed to that of the offense that the defendant would be guilty of if the facts were as supposed.
Exceptions to Mistakes of Law (MPC 2.04(3)): A belief that conduct does not constitute an offense (i.e., ignorance or mistake of law) is a defense only if: (a) the statute defining the offense is not known to the defendant and was not published or reasonably made available prior to the conduct; or (b) the defendant acted in reasonable reliance on an official statement of the law, afterward determined to be invalid or erroneous, contained in (i) a statute; (ii) a judicial decision; (iii) an administrative order; or (iv) an official interpretation of the public officer or body charged with interpreting, administering, or enforcing the law defining the offense.
