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The Financial System of Nepal: A Comprehensive Analysis
The financial system of Nepal is a multifaceted and evolving framework that plays a crucial role in the country's economic development. It encompasses a wide range of institutions, markets, instruments, laws, and regulations that facilitate the efficient flow of funds from savers to borrowers, thereby promoting investment, economic growth, and financial stability. Understanding the intricacies of Nepal's financial system requires an in-depth examination of its components, types, organizational structures, regulatory frameworks, and the challenges it faces.
1. Overview of the Financial System in Nepal
Nepal's financial system has undergone significant transformation over the past few decades, evolving from a predominantly informal and unregulated sector to a more structured and regulated system. This transformation has been driven by economic liberalization, technological advancements, and regulatory reforms aimed at improving the efficiency, stability, and inclusiveness of the financial sector. Today, Nepal's financial system includes a diverse range of institutions and markets that operate under the supervision of various regulatory bodies, with the Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) serving as the central authority.
The primary function of the financial system is to mobilize savings from surplus units (savers) and channel them to deficit units (borrowers), facilitating the allocation of resources in the economy. This process involves the creation and exchange of financial instruments, such as loans, bonds, and stocks, which represent claims on future cash flows or assets. The financial system also plays a vital role in managing risk, providing payment and settlement services, and supporting economic development by financing infrastructure projects, businesses, and other productive activities.
2. Types of Financial Systems in Nepal
Nepal's financial system can be broadly classified into two main types: the formal financial system and the informal financial system.
2.1. Formal Financial System
The formal financial system in Nepal is regulated and supervised by various governmental and quasi-governmental bodies, with the NRB at the helm. This system includes a wide array of financial institutions, such as commercial banks, development banks, finance companies, microfinance institutions, insurance companies, pension funds, and cooperatives. These institutions are responsible for mobilizing savings, providing credit, managing risks, and offering a range of financial services to individuals, businesses, and governments.
Commercial Banks: These are the most prominent depository institutions in Nepal's financial system. They accept deposits from the public and provide loans to individuals, businesses, and governments. Commercial banks play a crucial role in financial intermediation, which involves channeling funds from savers to borrowers. They also provide a range of other financial services, including payment processing, foreign exchange, and investment management.
Development Banks: These banks focus on providing medium- and long-term finance for agriculture, industry, and infrastructure development. Their primary objective is to support economic development by financing projects that contribute to the growth of key sectors in the economy. Development banks play a vital role in reducing regional disparities by providing access to credit in underserved areas.
Finance Companies: Finance companies offer a range of financial services, including loans, hire purchase financing, and leasing. They are an important component of the formal financial system, particularly in providing credit to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and individuals who may not have access to traditional banking services.
Microfinance Institutions: Microfinance institutions (MFIs) provide financial services to low-income individuals and small businesses, particularly in rural areas. These institutions aim to promote financial inclusion by offering microloans, savings products, and other financial services to marginalized communities. MFIs play a critical role in empowering women, promoting entrepreneurship, and reducing poverty.
Insurance Companies: Insurance companies provide risk management services by offering a variety of insurance products, such as life insurance, health insurance, property insurance, and liability insurance. These companies play a crucial role in protecting individuals and businesses from financial losses due to unforeseen events, such as accidents, natural disasters, or death.
Pension Funds: Pension funds manage retirement savings for individuals, ensuring income security in old age. These funds are typically managed by government agencies or private companies and are invested in a range of financial instruments, such as stocks, bonds, and real estate, to generate returns for future payouts.
Cooperatives: Financial cooperatives or credit unions are member-owned institutions that provide savings and credit services to their members. Cooperatives are particularly important in rural areas, where access to formal banking services may be limited. They operate on the principles of mutual assistance and democratic control, with profits distributed among members in the form of dividends or reduced interest rates.
2.2. Informal Financial System
The informal financial system operates outside the regulatory framework and includes unregulated financial activities. While the formal financial system has grown significantly in recent years, the informal sector still plays a vital role, particularly in rural areas where formal financial institutions may have limited reach.
Moneylenders: Moneylenders are individuals who provide loans at relatively high-interest rates, often to those who do not have access to formal credit channels. While they offer convenience and quick access to funds, the high-interest rates can lead to debt traps for borrowers.
Community Savings Groups: Informal savings groups, often found in rural communities, involve members pooling their savings and lending to each other. These groups operate on trust and mutual support, providing a simple and accessible means of saving and borrowing.
Rotating Savings and Credit Associations (ROSCAs): ROSCAs are groups where members contribute a fixed amount regularly to a common fund, which is then lent to members in rotation. This system allows members to access lump sums of money for significant expenses, such as weddings, education, or starting a business.
3. Components of the Financial System
The financial system of Nepal comprises several key components, each playing a critical role in the overall functioning of the system. These components include financial institutions, financial markets, financial instruments, and the regulatory framework.
3.1. Financial Institutions
Financial institutions are the backbone of the financial system, responsible for mobilizing savings, providing credit, and offering a range of financial services. They are classified into depository institutions and non-depository institutions.
Depository Institutions: These institutions accept deposits from the public and include commercial banks, development banks, and finance companies. Depository institutions play a central role in financial intermediation by channeling funds from savers to borrowers, thereby facilitating investment and economic growth.
Non-depository Institutions: Non-depository institutions do not accept deposits but provide other financial services, such as insurance, pension fund management, and investment management. These institutions are essential for managing risk, providing long-term savings options, and supporting investment in the economy.
Commercial Banks: Commercial banks are the most prominent depository institutions in Nepal's financial system. They provide a wide range of services, including accepting deposits, providing loans, and offering payment processing, foreign exchange, and investment management services. Commercial banks are crucial for financial intermediation, helping to mobilize savings and allocate resources efficiently in the economy.
Development Banks: Development banks focus on providing long-term finance for agriculture, industry, and infrastructure projects. Their primary goal is to support economic development by financing projects that contribute to the growth of key sectors in the economy. Development banks are particularly important in addressing regional disparities by providing access to credit in underserved areas.
Microfinance Institutions: Microfinance institutions (MFIs) play a critical role in promoting financial inclusion by providing financial services to low-income individuals and small businesses. MFIs offer microloans, savings products, and other financial services to marginalized communities, helping to empower women, promote entrepreneurship, and reduce poverty.
Insurance Companies: Insurance companies provide risk management services by offering various insurance products, such as life insurance, health insurance, property insurance, and liability insurance. These companies play a vital role in protecting individuals and businesses from financial losses due to unforeseen events, such as accidents, natural disasters, or death.
Pension Funds: Pension funds manage retirement savings for individuals, ensuring income security in old age. These funds are typically managed by government agencies or private companies and are invested in various financial instruments, such as stocks, bonds, and real estate, to generate returns for future payouts.
Cooperatives: Financial cooperatives or credit unions are member-owned institutions that provide savings and credit services to their members. Cooperatives are particularly important in rural areas, where access to formal banking services may be limited. They operate on the principles of mutual assistance and democratic control, with profits distributed among members in the form of dividends or reduced interest rates.
3.2. Financial Markets
Financial markets are platforms where financial instruments are traded, providing liquidity, enabling price discovery, and facilitating the allocation of resources. In Nepal, financial markets are divided into money markets and capital markets.
Money Market: The money market deals with short-term financial instruments, such as Treasury bills, commercial paper, and certificates of deposit. The money market is essential for managing short-term liquidity needs, providing a safe and liquid investment option for individuals and institutions.
Capital Market: The capital market deals with long-term financial instruments, such as stocks and bonds. The capital market is vital for raising long-term capital for businesses and governments, supporting investment in infrastructure, industry, and other key sectors of the economy.
The Nepal Stock Exchange (NEPSE) is the primary platform for trading stocks and bonds in Nepal. It plays a crucial role in the capital market by facilitating the issuance and trading of securities, enabling companies to raise capital for expansion and providing investors with opportunities for capital appreciation and dividends.
3.3. Financial Instruments
Financial instruments, also known as financial assets, represent claims on future cash flows or assets and are used to transfer funds from surplus units to deficit units. In Nepal, financial instruments include debt instruments and equity instruments.
Debt Instruments: Debt instruments, such as bonds, debentures, and loans, provide a fixed income claim to investors. They are used by governments, corporations, and financial institutions to raise capital for various purposes, such as infrastructure development, business expansion, and managing short-term liquidity needs.
Equity Instruments: Equity instruments, such as stocks, represent ownership stakes in companies. Investors in equity instruments have a claim on the company's profits in the form of dividends and capital appreciation. Equity instruments are crucial for raising long-term capital and supporting entrepreneurship and innovation.
3.4. Regulatory Framework
The regulatory framework is essential for ensuring the stability, transparency, and fairness of the financial system. In Nepal, the regulatory framework is governed by various acts, regulations, and regulatory bodies.
Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB): The NRB is the central bank of Nepal and serves as the primary regulatory authority for the financial system. It is responsible for formulating and implementing monetary policy, supervising financial institutions, ensuring financial stability, and promoting financial inclusion.
Securities Board of Nepal (SEBON): SEBON is the regulatory authority for the securities market in Nepal. It oversees the issuance and trading of securities, ensures transparency and fairness in the market, and protects investors' interests.
Insurance Board of Nepal (IBN): The IBN regulates the insurance sector in Nepal. It is responsible for supervising insurance companies, ensuring their solvency, and protecting policyholders' interests.
Cooperative Department: The Cooperative Department regulates the operation of cooperatives in Nepal, ensuring their compliance with laws and regulations, promoting good governance, and protecting members' interests.
4. Organizational Structures
The organizational structures of financial institutions in Nepal are designed to ensure efficient operation and regulatory compliance. These structures vary depending on the type of institution but typically include a board of directors, executive management, and various operational departments.
Commercial Banks: Commercial banks are typically organized with a board of directors at the top, followed by an executive management team, which includes the CEO, CFO, and other senior executives. The operational departments within commercial banks are usually divided into functions such as retail banking, corporate banking, treasury, risk management, and compliance.
Development Banks: Development banks have a similar organizational structure to commercial banks, with a focus on sectors like agriculture, industry, and infrastructure. They may have specialized departments focusing on project financing, rural development, and technical assistance.
Microfinance Institutions: Microfinance institutions are often organized with a board of directors, executive management, and field offices. The structure is designed to facilitate outreach to rural and underserved communities, with a strong focus on credit delivery, savings mobilization, and social development initiatives.
Insurance Companies: Insurance companies are structured with a board of directors overseeing the company's strategy and operations. The executive management team includes the CEO, CFO, and heads of various departments such as underwriting, claims, actuarial, and customer service.
Cooperatives: Cooperatives are typically organized with a general assembly of members, a board of directors elected by the members, and an executive management team. The structure emphasizes democratic control and member participation, with a focus on providing financial services to members at low costs.
5. Merits and Demerits of the Financial System
Nepal's financial system has several merits, including effective resource mobilization, increased financial inclusion, support for economic growth, and risk management. However, it also faces challenges such as financial instability, limited access to financial services in rural areas, regulatory challenges, and high costs of financial services.
5.1. Merits
Resource Mobilization: The financial system in Nepal effectively mobilizes savings from individuals and institutions, channeling them into productive investments that drive economic growth.
Financial Inclusion: The expansion of microfinance institutions and cooperatives has significantly improved access to financial services in rural and underserved areas, promoting financial inclusion and reducing poverty.
Support for Economic Growth: By providing credit to businesses, infrastructure projects, and other key sectors, the financial system plays a vital role in supporting economic growth and development.
Risk Management: The availability of insurance products and other risk management services helps individuals and businesses protect themselves from financial losses due to unforeseen events.
5.2. Demerits
Financial Instability: The financial system in Nepal is vulnerable to external shocks, such as natural disasters and political instability, which can lead to financial instability and economic downturns.
Limited Access in Rural Areas: Despite significant progress, access to formal financial services remains limited in rural and remote areas, where informal financial systems still play a dominant role.
Regulatory Challenges: The regulatory framework in Nepal faces challenges in keeping pace with the rapidly evolving financial sector, particularly in areas such as digital finance, fintech, and cross-border transactions.
High Costs of Financial Services: The cost of financial services in Nepal, particularly for small businesses and low-income individuals, remains high, limiting access to credit and other financial services.
6. Corresponding Laws and Bylaws
The financial system in Nepal is governed by a comprehensive legal framework, which includes several key laws and regulations. These laws establish the roles and responsibilities of regulatory bodies, ensure sound banking and financial practices, protect depositors and investors, and govern the operation of cooperatives.
Nepal Rastra Bank Act, 2002: This act establishes the NRB as the central bank of Nepal and outlines its functions and powers, including the formulation and implementation of monetary policy, supervision of financial institutions, and promotion of financial stability.
Banking and Financial Institutions Act (BAFIA), 2017: BAFIA regulates banks and financial institutions in Nepal, ensuring sound banking practices, protecting depositors, and promoting financial stability.
Securities Act, 2007: This act governs the securities market in Nepal, ensuring transparency, fairness, and investor protection in the issuance and trading of securities.
Insurance Act, 2017: The Insurance Act regulates the insurance sector in Nepal, ensuring the solvency and soundness of insurance companies, protecting policyholders, and promoting the development of the insurance market.
Cooperative Act, 1992: This act governs the operation of cooperatives in Nepal, ensuring their compliance with laws and regulations, promoting good governance, and protecting members' interests.
7. Challenges and Opportunities
Nepal's financial system faces several challenges, including financial instability, limited access to financial services in rural areas, regulatory challenges, and the high costs of financial services. However, there are also significant opportunities for growth and development, particularly in the areas of digital finance, fintech, and financial inclusion.
Financial Instability: Nepal's financial system is vulnerable to external shocks, such as natural disasters and political instability. Strengthening financial resilience, improving risk management practices, and enhancing regulatory oversight are essential to mitigate these risks.
Limited Access in Rural Areas: Expanding access to financial services in rural and remote areas remains a significant challenge. Investments in infrastructure, technology, and capacity building are needed to improve financial inclusion and reduce reliance on informal financial systems.
Regulatory Challenges: The rapidly evolving financial sector, particularly in areas such as digital finance and fintech, presents challenges for regulators. Updating the regulatory framework, enhancing regulatory capacity, and promoting innovation while ensuring consumer protection are key priorities.
High Costs of Financial Services: Reducing the costs of financial services, particularly for small businesses and low-income individuals, is essential to improving access to credit and other financial services. This can be achieved through policy reforms, competition, and the adoption of digital finance solutions.
Digital Finance and Fintech: The rise of digital finance and fintech presents significant opportunities for expanding access to financial services, improving efficiency, and promoting innovation. The adoption of digital payment systems, mobile banking, and fintech solutions can help bridge the gap between formal and informal financial systems, particularly in rural areas.
Financial Inclusion: Continued efforts to promote financial inclusion, particularly through microfinance, cooperatives, and digital finance, are essential to reducing poverty, promoting entrepreneurship, and supporting economic development. Expanding access to financial services for marginalized communities, women, and small businesses remains a key priority.
8. Conclusion
The financial system of Nepal plays a vital role in the country's economic development, mobilizing savings, providing credit, managing risks, and supporting investment. While significant progress has been made in terms of financial inclusion, stability, and regulatory oversight, challenges remain in ensuring access to financial services across all regions, managing financial risks, and adapting to the rapidly evolving financial landscape.
Continued reforms, investments in infrastructure and technology, and innovations in digital finance and fintech are necessary to enhance the efficiency, stability, and inclusiveness of Nepal's financial system. By addressing these challenges and seizing opportunities, Nepal can build a more resilient, dynamic, and inclusive financial system that meets the evolving needs of its economy and contributes to sustainable development.
Automatic Processing includes memories of how to perform everyday tasks, such as typing, riding a bike, tying shoelaces, talking, walking etc.
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Sometimes I wonder whether that one missing sock after doing laundry is the smart one. After being unhappy for so long, it finally walks away from a frayed, worn-out relationship.
Though the fig tree may not blossom,
Nor fruit be on the vines;
Though the labor of the olive may fail,
And the fields yield no food;
Though the flock may be cut off from the fold,
And there be no herd in the stalls—
Yet I will rejoice in the Lord,
I will joy in the God of my salvation.
The Lord God is my strength; He will make my feet like deer's feet, And He will make me walk on my high hills. To the Chief Musician. With my stringed instruments.
The Lord God is my strength;
He will make my feet like deer’s feet,
And He will make me walk on my high hills.
whitebug45
whitebug45
whitebug45
On September 11, 2001, people in New York City woke up to a beautiful late summer day. It was a Tuesday, and people were preparing for another day at work and school.
Thousands of people headed for the World Trade Center, a complex of seven buildings that included a pair of skyscrapers known as the twin towers. Each tower had 110 stories and stood about 1,360 feet high. The tallest buildings in New York City at the time, the twin towers rose above the city’s downtown skyline. Nobody there knew that in just a few hours, both buildings would fall.
A shocking event
People who live in New York are used to seeing and hearing airplanes flying overhead. But on the morning of September 11, people stopped on the streets and looked up. The sound of an approaching airplane was too loud, and the plane seemed to be flying too low. To the horror of people watching below, the airplane flew straight into one of the twin towers of the World Trade Center.
Smoke pours from the twin towers of the World Trade Center after they were hit by two hijacked airliners in a terrorist attack September 11, 2001 in New York
Smoke pours from the twin towers of the World Trade Center in New York City after they were hit by two hijacked airliners on September 11, 2001.
American Airlines Flight 11 hit the north tower at 8:46 a.m. The impact of the crash tore a hole that stretched from the 93rd to 99th floors of the building. Smoke and flames poured out of the tower. Many people thought they had just seen a terrible accident. But 17 minutes later, a second plane flew into another one of the World Trade Center buildings—this time into the south tower.
United Airlines Flight 175 crashed into the 77th through 85th floors of the south tower at 9:03 a.m. Some cell phone and TV station cameras caught the second attack on film. The footage was played over and over again on television. Soon people knew that hijackers—individuals who capture an aircraft, ship, or vehicle by force—had taken over the planes. A group of men had taken control of the cockpit of each airplane and flown them into the buildings on purpose.
The attack continues
The United States was under attack. About half an hour after the second tower was struck in New York City, hijackers crashed a third airplane. American Airlines Flight 77 hit the west side of the Pentagon, a five-sided concrete building that serves as headquarters for the U.S. Department of Defense, in Arlington, Virginia, just outside Washington, D.C. The plane’s fuel tanks exploded, and two giant fireballs blasted into the air.
Smoke pours from the southwest corner of the Pentagon after a hijacked commercial airliner crashed into the building, Sept. 11, 2001.
The hijacked American Airlines Flight 77 crashed into the southwest corner of the Pentagon, causing explosions and fires.
The U.S. government ordered all airplanes flying over the country to land as soon as possible. But it was too late for United Airlines Flight 93. Hijackers had already taken control of this fourth aircraft. They were flying the plane toward Washington, D.C.
Passengers and crew members on the plane called loved ones, who told them about the other attacks in New York and Virginia. People on Flight 93 thought their aircraft would be used as a weapon, too. So they fought the hijackers to try to get control of the plane. In a phone call recorded as passengers and crew began to fight back, passenger Todd Beamer was heard saying, “Are you ready? OK, let’s roll.”
Flight 93 eventually crashed into a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania. The crash site was close to the hijackers’ likely target, a government building in Washington, D.C.
The rescue begins
Firefighters walk towards one of the tower at the World Trade Center before it collapsed after a plane hit the building September 11, 2001 in New York City
On September 11, thousands of first responders risked their lives to save others. Here, firefighters rush to the scene at the World Trade Center.
Back in New York City, dark smoke poured from the twin towers. People rushed to escape the area, which later became known as ground zero. First responders—including police officers, firefighters, and paramedics—arrived within minutes of the first attack on the World Trade Center. They rushed into both towers to help people trapped inside, even though it would be an extremely difficult rescue operation. Almost all the elevators in the twin towers had stopped working. So rescuers started climbing up the stairs, but many were blocked by rubble or fire. Still, firefighters forged ahead, ignoring the danger. (Read more about the heroes of 9/11.)
The towers fall
When the airplanes hit the twin towers, they caused massive damage. Concrete floors were destroyed. Steel support beams were cut in two. Floors above the crash sites started to sag downward. Meanwhile, the sprinklers in both buildings were damaged. There was nothing to stop the raging fires, which became hot enough to weaken steel. The buildings grew unstable. Then they collapsed.
American flag firemen raised above the ruins at Ground Zero.
Firefighters raise a U.S. flag in front of rubble at ground zero on September 11, 2001.
The south tower fell first. Once it began to crumble, it took only 10 seconds for it to collapse. The impact caused the north tower to shake, and it, too, crumbled to the ground 29 minutes later.
First responders helped many people before the twin towers collapsed. More than 25,000 made it out of the buildings before they fell. But nearly 3,000 people—from the twin towers, the Pentagon, and the four airplanes—died in the attacks that day.
The official response
The events of September 11, 2001, shook the nation. The U.S. government had to respond. President George W. Bush led the country in a day of prayer and remembrance. Then he led the nation’s effort to find and punish the people who had caused the attacks.
Bush Ground Zero, NEW YORK, USA - 13 Sep 2001. George Bush, Bob Beckwith As rescue efforts continue in the rubble of the World Trade Center in New York, President Bush stands with firefighter Bob Beckwith on a burnt fire truck
President George W. Bush visits ground zero in New York on September 14, 2001.
A terrorist group based in Afghanistan (a country in the Middle East) called al Qaeda claimed responsibility for the 9/11 attacks. Their leader was Osama bin Laden. Al Qaeda and bin Laden considered the United States to be their enemy, which is why the hijackers used the airplanes to attack important U.S. buildings. In total, 19 hijackers took over the four planes that crashed on 9/11.
World leaders promised to help the United States punish al Qaeda and locate their leader. In October 2001, the United States and its allies started military actions in Afghanistan, searching for members of al Qaeda who worked with bin Laden to plan and carry out the 9/11 attacks. It would take nearly 10 years for these forces to locate and kill bin Laden himself, who was eventually discovered hiding in nearby Pakistan in May 2011.
Banding together
Although the 9/11 attacks took place in the United States, many people from other countries felt that a terrorist attack on such a powerful nation was a threat to peace around the world. They brought flowers to U.S. embassies and lit candles to honor the victims. They gathered to sing “The Star-Spangled Banner.” One French newspaper showed its support with the front-page headline “Nous sommes tous Américains,” meaning: “We are all Americans.”
After the attacks, many people in the United States wanted to show support for their country, too. They gave flowers, candles, food, and thank-you notes to first responders. U.S. residents and organizations also donated a record-breaking $2.8 billion to help the families of victims of the attacks. By the end of 2001, more than 300 U.S. charities were raising money for the cause.
About 2000 students from Vista Verde Elementary School, University Park Elementary School, Rancho San Joaquin Middle School and UC Irvine athletes lined Michelson Drive in Irvine as some waved flags before holding hands making a Friendship Chain as they showed support for students in New York.
Americans came together to show their patriotism after 9/11.
Photograph by Robert Lachman / Los Angeles Times via Getty Images
Most Americans tried to help others after the 9/11 attacks. But some people took their anger and fear out on people who looked like they came from the same Middle Eastern countries as the hijackers. Innocent people who had nothing to do with the events of 9/11 were attacked and not treated fairly.
20 years later
A lot has changed since September 11, 2001. To prevent similar terrorist attacks from happening in the country, the United States government created the Department of Homeland Security in 2002. The organization is responsible for border security, immigrations and customs, and disaster relief and prevention. But they also keep a close watch over suspected terrorist groups and send warnings if they think the country and its people are in danger. That way, the government can protect them.
Air travel became stricter after 9/11. Before the attacks, private security companies performed all airport screenings. After September 11, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) was created to give the federal government direct responsibility for all airport screenings. In 2002, the TSA began using explosive detection systems nationwide to screen all bags for explosives. They also installed more advanced technologies, such as the full-body scanner, to ensure travelers weren’t trying to bring anything harmful on an airplane. (The hijackers used weapons they had carried onboard to gain control of the aircrafts.) Other rules—like using small containers for liquids like shampoo or removing shoes during security checks—were put in place to make sure people didn’t sneak dangerous things onboard.
The United States also entered a long war on terror abroad. In addition to sending troops to Afghanistan, Bush also sent troops to Iraq in 2003 because of rumors that the country was hiding dangerous weapons. By the time Barack Obama was elected president in 2008, some 4,500 American soldiers had died in Afghanistan and Iraq, with many thousands more wounded.
Many Americans felt the loss of life wasn’t worth it—bin Laden was still missing, and no weapons were ever found. But in 2011, bin Laden was finally located and killed. His death was a blow to al Qaeda and gave some U.S. citizens hope that progress was being made in the fight against terrorism.
By the end of 2011, Obama had withdrawn all combat troops from Iraq. But U.S. troops were still fighting in Afghanistan by the end of his second term in 2017. And another terrorist group, the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), threatened the region throughout Obama’s presidency and into Donald Trump’s single term as president, too.
During Trump’s term in office, he announced the removal of all troops from Afghanistan by May 1, 2021. Trump’s successor, Joe Biden, delayed the removal, announcing that the United States would be removing all troops from Afghanistan by August 31 instead, just before the 20-year anniversary of the 9/11 attacks.
Honoring the victims
Memorials now stand to pay tribute to those who lost their lives on September 11, 2001. The 9/11 Memorial and Museum in New York City contains pools set within each area where the twin towers stood; the names of all the 9/11 victims from each tower are inscribed on bronze panels. At the National 9/11 Pentagon Memorial, each of the 184 benches is dedicated to a victim of the Virginia attack. And the Tower of Voices at the Flight 93 National Memorial in Pennsylvania has 40 wind chimes to honor the plane’s passengers and crew members.
SHANKSVILLE, PENNSYLVANIA - 6 OCTOBER, 2018: Tower of Voices monument at the Flight 93 Memorial for 911
The Tower of Voices at the Flight 93 National Memorial in Pennsylvania has 40 wind chimes to honor the plane’s passengers and crew members.
The attacks on September 11, 2001, shook the world and made people realize that even a powerful country like the United States could be a victim of terrorism. But the horrific event also brought Americans closer together. As U.S. senator John Kerry said at the time, “It was the worst day we have ever seen, but it brought out the best in all of us.”
Drone flights industry that precluded a great dark as well. Operators restrictions.
Learn about the benefits of making your project open source!
When you create a new repository on GitHub, it gives you the option to make your code public or private. Public code (aka open source code) is visible to anyone, while private code is only visible to you. If you’re just getting started on a new project, it may be tempting to select the “private” option. After all, it can be intimidating to know that anyone can look at your code! However, there are some compelling reasons to click that public button and make your projects open source.
Maintaining an open source project will encourage you to develop your coding abilities in ways that a private project won’t.
First, the fact that there are other people looking at and contributing to your code will help you develop and maintain best practices. If you were building a project by yourself, you might be tempted to write quick, messy code or skip things like automated tests – after all, nobody else is going to see your code, and you can fix it later! However, if there are other people trying to understand your code, you might think twice about committing code that is untested or hard to read.
In addition to writing code, maintaining an open source project will force you to read other people’s code. For example, whenever someone creates a pull request, you will have to read their code to understand how it works. This is actually a great way to improve your own coding ability – reading other people’s code may teach you new techniques that will help you become a better coder in your own right.
Between implementing coding best practices and reading the code of other developers, maintaining an open source project is a great way to advance your technical skills.
Becoming a Better Communicator and Collaborator
Many people think that coding is a strictly technical skill, but there are many “soft” skills that are crucial to coding.
Communication is essential to the success of an open source project. To attract new users and collaborators to your project, you must write documentation explaining what the project does and how it works. If you want a contributor to fix a bug, you’ll have to write a detailed issue explaining how to replicate the problem and how to tell if it’s fixed.
Speaking of contributors, maintaining an open source project can give you practice collaborating with different kinds of people. Contributors to your project will likely come from different backgrounds than you. They will have different communication styles, and some won’t even share the same native language! Learning to collaborate with many different types of people will make you a stronger developer and grow your professional network.
Unlike creating a private project, open sourcing your code will help you exercise your communication and collaboration skills.
Job Searching and Career
Maintaining an open source project can also have a tangible impact on your career.
If you work as a professional developer, having code that’s publicly available can help distinguish you amongst other candidates. Maintaining an open source project not only proves to hiring managers that you can write code, but also that you have strong problem solving and communication skills. While even small open source projects can provide reputational benefits, those benefits only increase as a project becomes more well-known.
Open Source at Work
If you already work as a professional developer, you may think that maintaining an open source project is something you can do only in your free time. However, many companies are embracing the trend of building their software in the open.
For example, Codecademy has quite a few open source repositories, including their community-maintained documentation and Gamut, their frontend design system. Some companies even operate entirely as open source. For example, Forem is a company that creates software to help build online communities. Their entire codebase is open source and available on GitHub.
Companies that open source some or all of their code not only allow their current employees to reap the benefits of maintaining open source projects, as mentioned earlier in this article, but they can also use it to their advantage while recruiting. Candidates can see first-hand what they might be working on, which will get them excited about the hiring process. Repeat contributors can also be hired and brought onto the team with less onboarding than someone who is completely unfamiliar with the code.
Conclusion
While open sourcing your code can be daunting, it can also provide many benefits, from improving your communication, collaboration, and technical skills, to making you a more desirable candidate. Building open source at work can help your team attract candidates who are excited about what you’re building.
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MRS. MEREDITH P SINQUEFIELD mr. jarmil j niva 9910 gulengvegengatesville 97601 oregon (573) 671-5227 (646) 502-5563 Friday, June 23, 1933 mrs. melodi m Reilley 28/July/1983 Qgcwn-jnmr04812101GBD@nkN#- 69708 ImY/1771764140057558374 TUNNLLUEVANO@JACEY.IOW rv_7012111\$46 Mr. Dews O Cherish ignaceijuza@juliana.co.uk KARL-LIEBKNECHT-STRASSE 29456 Bei Ernegg Sachsen-Anhalt 6203 23761100 877400 452160 3757000 892416 SSLARN@1987/-00 00029013221 514064446314 50575000 777867 39488900 RhP@410457 gulengvegen gatesville 97601 oregon georgene TAKAOQROTHOVA1942@CALEIGH.ORG 281-932-5820 American Express Card 373117947423241
MRS. MEREDITH P SINQUEFIELD mr. jarmil j niva 9910 gulengvegengatesville 97601 oregon (573) 671-5227 (646) 502-5563 Friday, June 23, 1933 mrs. melodi m Reilley 28/July/1983 Qgcwn-jnmr04812101GBD@nkN#- 69708 ImY/1771764140057558374 TUNNLLUEVANO@JACEY.IOW rv_7012111\$46 Mr. Dews O Cherish ignaceijuza@juliana.co.uk KARL-LIEBKNECHT-STRASSE 29456 Bei Ernegg Sachsen-Anhalt 6203 23761100 877400 452160 3757000 892416 SSLARN@1987/-00 00029013221 514064446314 50575000 777867 39488900 RhP@410457 gulengvegen gatesville 97601 oregon georgene TAKAOQROTHOVA1942@CALEIGH.ORG 281-932-5820 American Express Card 373117947423241
WiFi 7 is the latest in-home broadband technology and EE will be the first major Internet Service Provider to bring it to market. Enabling EE to bring our customers on our journey and allowing them to experience the best connectivity possible and allowing you to shout about EE being superior. As smart homes grow, intentionally or not, the Smart Hub Plus and Smart WiFi Pro will help future-proof our customers as technology advances and more devices and services have WiFI7 technology. With Tri-Band allowing better speeds, the 6GHz band, is built for the newest devices that use WiFi6e/7 and applications. Our new Smart WiFi Pro takes the power of WiFi 7 and creates a seamless connection throughout the home. No more 'not spots' for the WiFi. We’ll be offering the Smart WiFi guarantee with this, which offers customers £100 refund if they cannot achieve 100Mbps on WiFi 7 throughout the house. Customers taking a new package with WiFi 7, will help future-proof themselves. When customers upgrade to the latest mobile devices, these will more than likely have WiFi 7 compatibility. The next level of gaming consoles will also be using WiFi 7, you’ll be able to sell them on Tech from EE when they're released. Bring the customer on the journey, by being curious you can offer the relevant products and services to meet their needs. Unlocking WiFI 7 for everyone. Taking a package that’s WiFi 7 enabled now, will help customers when WiFi 7 becomes more mainstream, they’ll not have to worry about upgrading their broadband as well. This is just the start of whats coming with WiFi and the Smart Hub Pro, theres a host more features launching in the future so keep your eyes peeled for comms.
WiFi 7 is the latest in-home broadband technology and EE will be the first major Internet Service Provider to bring it to market. Enabling EE to bring our customers on our journey and allowing them to experience the best connectivity possible and allowing you to shout about EE being superior. As smart homes grow, intentionally or not, the Smart Hub Plus and Smart WiFi Pro will help future-proof our customers as technology advances and more devices and services have WiFI7 technology. With Tri-Band allowing better speeds, the 6GHz band, is built for the newest devices that use WiFi6e/7 and applications. Our new Smart WiFi Pro takes the power of WiFi 7 and creates a seamless connection throughout the home. No more 'not spots' for the WiFi. We’ll be offering the Smart WiFi guarantee with this, which offers customers £100 refund if they cannot achieve 100Mbps on WiFi 7 throughout the house. Customers taking a new package with WiFi 7, will help future-proof themselves. When customers upgrade to the latest mobile devices, these will more than likely have WiFi 7 compatibility. The next level of gaming consoles will also be using WiFi 7, you’ll be able to sell them on Tech from EE when they're released. Bring the customer on the journey, by being curious you can offer the relevant products and services to meet their needs. Unlocking WiFI 7 for everyone. Taking a package that’s WiFi 7 enabled now, will help customers when WiFi 7 becomes more mainstream, they’ll not have to worry about upgrading their broadband as well. This is just the start of whats coming with WiFi and the Smart Hub Pro, theres a host more features launching in the future so keep your eyes peeled for comms.
In the Motivation section of "The Art of Impossible" by Steven Kotler, Kotler explains that motivation is the foundation for achieving any ambitious goal, particularly when pursuing seemingly impossible tasks. He breaks down the components of motivation and how they interconnect to drive sustained peak performance.
Summary of the Motivation Section:
Motivation is what gets you started on any challenging endeavor, but it’s not about willpower or fleeting enthusiasm. Kotler highlights that true motivation is driven by intrinsic factors—internal drivers such as passion, purpose, autonomy, and mastery—that fuel long-term persistence. These intrinsic drivers are what keep us pushing forward, even when obstacles arise. The section also explores the science behind motivation, drawing from psychology and neuroscience to explain why certain practices work and how we can sustain motivation over the long haul.
Key Lessons from the Motivation Section:
Find Your Passion:
Lesson: Passion is the core of intrinsic motivation. It’s the internal spark that makes hard work feel effortless. When you're passionate about what you're doing, you’ll naturally find the energy to push forward.
Application: Identify what truly excites and fascinates you. Ask yourself, "What do I love doing even when it's hard?" Align your goals and work with your passions to ensure sustained motivation.
Connect to a Larger Purpose:
Lesson: Purpose is passion with a mission. While passion gets you started, purpose sustains your effort by linking it to something bigger than yourself. It gives you a reason to persist, especially when challenges arise.
Application: Find ways to connect your passion to a larger mission or cause. For example, if you're passionate about teaching, connect that passion to the larger purpose of educating and empowering future generations.
Autonomy Fuels Motivation:
Lesson: People are more motivated when they feel they have control over their work and decisions. Autonomy—the ability to make choices and pursue goals on your terms—is a powerful motivator.
Application: Seek or create situations where you have control over your schedule, tasks, or creative process. If you don’t have complete autonomy, look for areas where you can assert more control.
Mastery Provides Continuous Motivation:
Lesson: Mastery, or the pursuit of getting better at something, provides a sense of progress and fulfillment. The feeling of improvement is a strong motivator that keeps you engaged over time.
Application: Break down your goals into smaller, achievable tasks that allow you to measure and celebrate progress. As you build competence, you’ll stay motivated to keep pushing your limits.
Curiosity and Learning Propel Motivation:
Lesson: Curiosity and the desire to learn new things act as fuel for motivation. When you’re curious, you’re more likely to seek out challenges and persist in solving problems.
Application: Stay curious by constantly seeking out new information, skills, or experiences related to your passion. Treat challenges as learning opportunities rather than obstacles.
Set Stretch Goals (MTPs):
Lesson: Kotler introduces the concept of Massively Transformative Purposes (MTPs), which are audacious goals that stretch beyond what you think is possible. These stretch goals push you to expand your capabilities and keep you motivated.
Application: Identify a big, seemingly impossible goal that excites and challenges you. Make sure this goal aligns with your passion and purpose, so it feels meaningful enough to fuel long-term effort.
Sustain Motivation with Clear, Immediate Feedback:
Lesson: Getting regular feedback on your progress keeps motivation high. Feedback helps you understand where you are on your journey toward mastery and allows you to adjust accordingly.
Application: Set up mechanisms to regularly assess your performance. This could be tracking metrics, receiving feedback from others, or reflecting on your own progress to ensure continuous improvement.
Create Habits and Routines:
Lesson: Motivation alone isn’t enough; you need systems in place to ensure consistent progress. By turning key actions into habits, you reduce reliance on willpower and keep momentum going.
Application: Build routines around your goals that include daily actions toward your passion and purpose. For example, if your goal is to write a book, create a daily habit of writing a set number of words.
Conclusion:
In the Motivation section of "The Art of Impossible," Kotler emphasizes the importance of understanding and cultivating intrinsic motivation—passion, purpose, autonomy, and mastery. When these drivers are aligned, they create a powerful and sustainable source of energy to achieve even the most challenging goals. Instead of relying on willpower or external rewards, Kotler encourages readers to deeply connect with what excites them and build a system that keeps motivation high through curiosity, goal-setting, and feedback.
नेपाली समाजमा जातीय एकता
नेपाल बहुजातीय, बहुभाषिक, बहुसांस्कृतिक, र बहुधार्मिक देश हो। यहाँ विभिन्न जातजातिहरू बसोबास गर्दछन्। यस विविधतामा एकता कायम राख्नका लागि सबै जाति र समुदायबीच आपसी मेलमिलाप, सहिष्णुता, र भाइचारा अत्यन्त आवश्यक छ। जातीय विभाजनले समाजमा विभेद र असन्तोष उत्पन्न गर्दछ, जसले देशको विकासमा बाधा पुर्याउँछ। त्यसैले, जातीय एकताका लागि सबैले आ-आफ्नो ठाउँबाट योगदान दिनु पर्नेछ। सबै जातजातिका मान्छेहरूले समान अधिकार र अवसर पाउनु पर्छ, जसले गर्दा समाजमा शान्ति, समृद्धि, र सद्भाव कायम हुन्छ।
शिक्षाको महत्व
शिक्षा मानव जीवनको सबैभन्दा महत्वपूर्ण पक्ष हो। शिक्षा बिना मानव जीवन अधूरो हुन्छ। शिक्षाले व्यक्तिलाई ज्ञान, सीप, र जीवनका विभिन्न पक्षहरूको बारेमा जानकारी दिन्छ। शिक्षित व्यक्तिले मात्र समाजमा राम्रो योगदान दिन सक्छ। यसैले, हरेक मानिसले शिक्षा प्राप्त गर्नुपर्छ। शिक्षाले व्यक्तिलाई आत्मनिर्भर बनाउँछ र जीवनका विभिन्न चुनौतीहरूको सामना गर्न सक्षम बनाउँछ। शिक्षाले मात्र समाजमा परिवर्तन ल्याउन सकिन्छ, त्यसैले शिक्षा सबैका लागि अनिवार्य हुनु पर्दछ।
पर्यावरण संरक्षण
पर्यावरण संरक्षण हाम्रो प्रमुख कर्तव्य हो। हाम्रा गतिविधिहरूले पृथ्वीमा प्रदूषणको स्तर बढाइरहेको छ, जसले गर्दा वातावरण बिग्रिँदै गएको छ। वातावरण संरक्षणका लागि हाम्रा क्रियाकलापहरूलाई नियन्त्रण गर्न आवश्यक छ। रुख रोप्ने, पानीको दुरुपयोग नगर्ने, प्लास्टिकको प्रयोग कम गर्ने जस्ता कामले वातावरणलाई बचाउन सकिन्छ। यदि हामीले वातावरणलाई बचाएनौं भने भविष्यमाथि गम्भीर असर पर्न सक्छ। त्यसैले, हरेक व्यक्तिले वातावरण संरक्षणमा आफ्नो भूमिका निर्वाह गर्नु पर्छ।
नेपाली संस्कृतिको महत्व
नेपाल विविधताले भरिएको देश हो, र यहाँको संस्कृति अनगिन्ती परम्पराहरू, चाडपर्वहरू, र संस्कारहरूले समृद्ध छ। नेपाली संस्कृतिले यहाँका जनताको पहिचानलाई परिभाषित गर्छ। चाडपर्वहरूले जनतालाई एकताको सूत्रमा बाँध्छन्, जसले गर्दा समाजमा मेलमिलाप र सद्भाव कायम रहन्छ। यस्ता संस्कार र परम्पराहरूलाई सम्मान गर्नु र तिनलाई भावी पुस्तामा हस्तान्तरण गर्नु हाम्रा कर्तव्य हो। संस्कृतिको संरक्षण र संवर्धनले मात्र हाम्रो पहिचानलाई जीवित राख्न सकिन्छ।
स्वास्थ्यको महत्व
स्वास्थ्य नै धन हो भन्ने पुरानो उखानले स्वास्थ्यको महत्वलाई उजागर गर्छ। स्वस्थ शरीरमा मात्र स्वस्थ मस्तिष्क बस्छ, जसले जीवनमा सफल बन्न सहयोग पुर्याउँछ। स्वास्थ्य रहनका लागि नियमित व्यायाम, सन्तुलित आहार, र स्वच्छता आवश्यक छ। साथै, मानसिक स्वास्थ्यको पनि ख्याल राख्नु पर्दछ। तनाव र चिन्ताबाट मुक्त रहन ध्यान र योगजस्ता अभ्यासहरू गर्न सकिन्छ। यदि स्वास्थ्य राम्रो छ भने मात्रै जीवनको सम्पूर्ण रङ्गहरू आनन्द लिन सकिन्छ।
नेपाली साहित्य
नेपाली साहित्य नेपाली भाषामा लेखिएका विभिन्न साहित्यिक कृतिहरूको संग्रह हो। नेपाली साहित्यले नेपालका सामाजिक, सांस्कृतिक, धार्मिक, र राजनीतिक पक्षहरूलाई चित्रण गर्छ। महाकवि लक्ष्मीप्रसाद देवकोटादेखि लिएर मोदनाथ प्रश्रितसम्म, नेपाली साहित्यमा धेरै महत्वपूर्ण लेखकहरूको योगदान रहेको छ। नेपाली साहित्यमा कविता, उपन्यास, निबन्ध, नाटक, कथा, र अन्य साहित्यिक विधाहरू समावेश छन्। साहित्यले समाजमा चेतना फैलाउने र परिवर्तन ल्याउने महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका खेल्दछ। यसैले, नेपाली साहित्यको अध्ययन र विकासमा सबैले चासो दिनु पर्छ।
खेलकुदको महत्व
खेलकुदले मानिसलाई शारीरिक र मानसिक रूपमा स्वस्थ राख्न सहयोग पुर्याउँछ। खेलकुदले अनुशासन, आत्मविश्वास, र नेतृत्व क्षमताको विकास गर्छ। नेपालमा क्रिकेट, फुटबल, भलिबल, कबड्डी, लगायतका खेलहरू लोकप्रिय छन्। खेलकुदले व्यक्ति, समाज, र राष्ट्रलाई एकतामा बाँध्न सक्छ। नियमित रूपमा खेलकुद गर्ने व्यक्तिहरूमा आत्म-संयम र सकारात्मक सोचको विकास हुन्छ। यसैले, हरेक व्यक्तिले खेलकुदमा संलग्न हुनुपर्छ। खेलकुदको माध्यमबाट अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय स्तरमा नेपालको पहिचान बढाउन सकिन्छ।
पर्यटनको महत्व
नेपाल एक सुन्दर र प्राकृतिक सम्पदाले भरिपूर्ण देश हो। यहाँका हिमाल, पहाड, तालतलैया, र धार्मिक स्थलहरूले विश्वभरिका पर्यटकहरूलाई आकर्षित गर्छन्। पर्यटन नेपालको अर्थतन्त्रको महत्त्वपूर्ण हिस्सा हो, जसले रोजगारीको अवसर सिर्जना गर्न र विदेशी मुद्रा आर्जन गर्न सहयोग पुर्याउँछ। पर्यटकीय स्थलहरूको विकास र प्रवर्धन गर्न सरकारले विशेष ध्यान दिनु पर्दछ। पर्यटकीय स्थलहरूको संरक्षण र समुचित व्यवस्थापनले मात्र पर्यटनलाई दिगो बनाउन सकिन्छ। यसैले, पर्यटन क्षेत्रको विकासमा सबैको भूमिका आवश्यक छ।
परिवारको महत्व
परिवार समाजको आधारशिला हो। परिवारमा जन्मेपछि मानिसले आफ्नो पहिचान, संस्कार, र मूल्यवान शिक्षा पाउँछ। परिवारले व्यक्ति जीवनमा सफल हुनका लागि आवश्यक मार्गदर्शन र समर्थन प्रदान गर्छ। नेपालमा पारिवारिक सम्बन्धलाई उच्च प्राथमिकता दिइन्छ। परिवारमा एकता, प्रेम, र आपसी समझदारीले मात्र समाजमा शान्ति र स्थिरता कायम रहन्छ। हरेक व्यक्तिले आफ्नो परिवारको सम्मान र संरक्षण गर्नुपर्छ। परिवारको भूमिका व्यक्ति जीवनको हरेक चरणमा महत्वपूर्ण हुन्छ।
प्रविधिको उपयोग
आजको युग प्रविधिको युग हो। प्रविधिको विकासले हाम्रो जीवनलाई सहज, सरल, र तीव्र बनाएको छ। सूचना प्रविधिको माध्यमबाट विश्वको जुनसुकै ठाउँको जानकारी प्राप्त गर्न सकिन्छ। यद्यपि, प्रविधिको दुरुपयोगले सामाजिक, मानसिक, र शारीरिक समस्याहरू निम्त्याउन सक्छ। त्यसैले, प्रविधिको सही र जिम्मेवार प्रयोग गर्न आवश्यक छ। प्रविधिको सही उपयोगले मात्र हामीले आधुनिक युगका अवसरहरूको पूर्ण लाभ उठाउन सक्छौं। हरेक व्यक्तिले प्रविधिको सकारात्मक पक्षको उपयोग गर्नुपर्छ।
महिला सशक्तिकरण
महिला सशक्तिकरणको अर्थ महिलालाई समाजमा समान अधिकार र अवसर प्रदान गर्नु हो। नेपालको संविधानले महिलालाई समान अधिकार दिएको भए तापनि, व्यवहारमा अझै पनि महिलाहरूले विभेद र असमानताको सामना गर्नुपर्छ। महिला सशक्तिकरणका लागि शिक्षा, स्वास्थ्य, र रोजगारमा समान अवसर प्रदान गर्नुपर्छ। महिलाहरूलाई आर्थिक र सामाजिक रूपमा सशक्त बनाउन सके मात्र समाजमा वास्तविक समानता कायम गर्न सकिन्छ। महिला सशक्तिकरणले समाजमा शान्ति, स्थिरता, र विकास ल्याउन मद्दत गर्दछ।
नेपाली कला र संस्कृति
नेपालको कला र संस्कृति विविधताले भरिपूर्ण छ। यहाँका मूर्तिकला, चित्रकला, संगीत, नृत्य, र हस्तकला विश्वभर प्रसिद्ध छन्। विशेषगरी, नेवारी कला र संस्कृति नेपाली पहिचानको प्रतीक बनेको छ। काठमाडौँ उपत्यकाका प्राचीन मन्दिर, स्तूप, र दरबारहरूले नेपालको समृद्ध इतिहास र संस्कृतिलाई दर्शाउँछन्। नेपाली लोकसंगीत र नृत्यहरूले गाउँ-गाउँका परम्परा र संस्कृतिलाई जिउँदो राखेको छ। नेपाली कला र संस्कृतिको संरक्षण र संवर्धनका लागि युवा पुस्ताले पहल गर्न आवश्यक छ।
बालबालिकाको शिक्षा
बालबालिका राष्ट्रको भविष्य हुन्। उनीहरूको शिक्षा र विकासमा ध्यान दिनु हरेक समाजको प्रमुख कर्तव्य हो। शिक्षाले बालबालिकाको बौद्धिक, शारीरिक, र मानसिक विकासमा मद्दत गर्दछ। नेपालमा आधारभूत शिक्षालाई अनिवार्य गरिएको छ, तर अझै पनि धेरै बालबालिकाहरू शिक्षाबाट वञ्चित छन्। सबै बालबालिकालाई गुणस्तरीय शिक्षा दिनु अत्यन्त आवश्यक छ, जसले उनीहरूलाई सक्षम र जिम्मेवार नागरिक बनाउन सक्छ। बालबालिकाको शिक्षामा लगानी गर्नु भनेको राष्ट्रको भविष्यमा लगानी गर्नु हो।
मौसम परिवर्तन
मौसम परिवर्तन अहिलेको विश्वको प्रमुख समस्या हो। औद्योगिकीकरण, वन विनाश, र प्रदूषणका कारण ग्लोबल वार्मिङ बढ्दै गएको छ। यसको परिणामस्वरूप, विश्वभर प्राकृतिक प्रकोपहरू जस्तै बाढी, खडेरी, हुर्रिकेन, र हिमनदीको पग्लने क्रम तीव्र भएको छ। नेपालजस्तो हिमाली देशमा यसको प्रभाव अझ गम्भीर छ। मौसम परिवर्तनलाई नियन्त्रण गर्नका लागि कार्बन उत्सर्जन कम गर्न, वन संरक्षण गर्न, र नवीकरणीय ऊर्जा स्रोतहरूको प्रयोग गर्न आवश्यक छ। वातावरण संरक्षणमा हरेक व्यक्तिको भूमिका महत्वपूर्ण छ।
विद्यार्थी जीवन
विद्यार्थी जीवन मानिसको जीवनको सबैभन्दा महत्त्वपूर्ण र आधारभूत चरण हो। यस समयमा नै व्यक्ति आफ्नो भविष्यको आधारशिला तयार पार्दछ। यसैले, विद्यार्थीले आफ्नो पढाइमा ध्यान दिनु र अनुशासनमा रहनु आवश्यक छ। विद्यार्थी जीवनमा सिकेका कुराहरूले जीवनभरि काम दिन्छ। यस समयमा खेलकुद, स्रजनात्मक गतिविधि, र समाजसेवामा पनि संलग्न हुनुपर्छ। विद्यार्थी जीवनमा विकास गरिएका आदतहरूले भविष्यमा सफल र असल व्यक्तित्वको निर्माणमा सहयोग पुर्याउँछ।
नेपाली समाजमा जातीय एकता
नेपाल बहुजातीय, बहुभाषिक, बहुसांस्कृतिक, र बहुधार्मिक देश हो। यहाँ विभिन्न जातजातिहरू बसोबास गर्दछन्। यस विविधतामा एकता कायम राख्नका लागि सबै जाति र समुदायबीच आपसी मेलमिलाप, सहिष्णुता, र भाइचारा अत्यन्त आवश्यक छ। जातीय विभाजनले समाजमा विभेद र असन्तोष उत्पन्न गर्दछ, जसले देशको विकासमा बाधा पुर्याउँछ। त्यसैले, जातीय एकताका लागि सबैले आ-आफ्नो ठाउँबाट योगदान दिनु पर्नेछ। सबै जातजातिका मान्छेहरूले समान अधिकार र अवसर पाउनु पर्छ, जसले गर्दा समाजमा शान्ति, समृद्धि, र सद्भाव कायम हुन्छ।
शिक्षाको महत्व
शिक्षा मानव जीवनको सबैभन्दा महत्वपूर्ण पक्ष हो। शिक्षा बिना मानव जीवन अधूरो हुन्छ। शिक्षाले व्यक्तिलाई ज्ञान, सीप, र जीवनका विभिन्न पक्षहरूको बारेमा जानकारी दिन्छ। शिक्षित व्यक्तिले मात्र समाजमा राम्रो योगदान दिन सक्छ। यसैले, हरेक मानिसले शिक्षा प्राप्त गर्नुपर्छ। शिक्षाले व्यक्तिलाई आत्मनिर्भर बनाउँछ र जीवनका विभिन्न चुनौतीहरूको सामना गर्न सक्षम बनाउँछ। शिक्षाले मात्र समाजमा परिवर्तन ल्याउन सकिन्छ, त्यसैले शिक्षा सबैका लागि अनिवार्य हुनु पर्दछ।
पर्यावरण संरक्षण
पर्यावरण संरक्षण हाम्रो प्रमुख कर्तव्य हो। हाम्रा गतिविधिहरूले पृथ्वीमा प्रदूषणको स्तर बढाइरहेको छ, जसले गर्दा वातावरण बिग्रिँदै गएको छ। वातावरण संरक्षणका लागि हाम्रा क्रियाकलापहरूलाई नियन्त्रण गर्न आवश्यक छ। रुख रोप्ने, पानीको दुरुपयोग नगर्ने, प्लास्टिकको प्रयोग कम गर्ने जस्ता कामले वातावरणलाई बचाउन सकिन्छ। यदि हामीले वातावरणलाई बचाएनौं भने भविष्यमाथि गम्भीर असर पर्न सक्छ। त्यसैले, हरेक व्यक्तिले वातावरण संरक्षणमा आफ्नो भूमिका निर्वाह गर्नु पर्छ।
नेपाली संस्कृतिको महत्व
नेपाल विविधताले भरिएको देश हो, र यहाँको संस्कृति अनगिन्ती परम्पराहरू, चाडपर्वहरू, र संस्कारहरूले समृद्ध छ। नेपाली संस्कृतिले यहाँका जनताको पहिचानलाई परिभाषित गर्छ। चाडपर्वहरूले जनतालाई एकताको सूत्रमा बाँध्छन्, जसले गर्दा समाजमा मेलमिलाप र सद्भाव कायम रहन्छ। यस्ता संस्कार र परम्पराहरूलाई सम्मान गर्नु र तिनलाई भावी पुस्तामा हस्तान्तरण गर्नु हाम्रा कर्तव्य हो। संस्कृतिको संरक्षण र संवर्धनले मात्र हाम्रो पहिचानलाई जीवित राख्न सकिन्छ।
स्वास्थ्यको महत्व
स्वास्थ्य नै धन हो भन्ने पुरानो उखानले स्वास्थ्यको महत्वलाई उजागर गर्छ। स्वस्थ शरीरमा मात्र स्वस्थ मस्तिष्क बस्छ, जसले जीवनमा सफल बन्न सहयोग पुर्याउँछ। स्वास्थ्य रहनका लागि नियमित व्यायाम, सन्तुलित आहार, र स्वच्छता आवश्यक छ। साथै, मानसिक स्वास्थ्यको पनि ख्याल राख्नु पर्दछ। तनाव र चिन्ताबाट मुक्त रहन ध्यान र योगजस्ता अभ्यासहरू गर्न सकिन्छ। यदि स्वास्थ्य राम्रो छ भने मात्रै जीवनको सम्पूर्ण रङ्गहरू आनन्द लिन सकिन्छ।
नेपाली साहित्य
नेपाली साहित्य नेपाली भाषामा लेखिएका विभिन्न साहित्यिक कृतिहरूको संग्रह हो। नेपाली साहित्यले नेपालका सामाजिक, सांस्कृतिक, धार्मिक, र राजनीतिक पक्षहरूलाई चित्रण गर्छ। महाकवि लक्ष्मीप्रसाद देवकोटादेखि लिएर मोदनाथ प्रश्रितसम्म, नेपाली साहित्यमा धेरै महत्वपूर्ण लेखकहरूको योगदान रहेको छ। नेपाली साहित्यमा कविता, उपन्यास, निबन्ध, नाटक, कथा, र अन्य साहित्यिक विधाहरू समावेश छन्। साहित्यले समाजमा चेतना फैलाउने र परिवर्तन ल्याउने महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका खेल्दछ। यसैले, नेपाली साहित्यको अध्ययन र विकासमा सबैले चासो दिनु पर्छ।
खेलकुदको महत्व
खेलकुदले मानिसलाई शारीरिक र मानसिक रूपमा स्वस्थ राख्न सहयोग पुर्याउँछ। खेलकुदले अनुशासन, आत्मविश्वास, र नेतृत्व क्षमताको विकास गर्छ। नेपालमा क्रिकेट, फुटबल, भलिबल, कबड्डी, लगायतका खेलहरू लोकप्रिय छन्। खेलकुदले व्यक्ति, समाज, र राष्ट्रलाई एकतामा बाँध्न सक्छ। नियमित रूपमा खेलकुद गर्ने व्यक्तिहरूमा आत्म-संयम र सकारात्मक सोचको विकास हुन्छ। यसैले, हरेक व्यक्तिले खेलकुदमा संलग्न हुनुपर्छ। खेलकुदको माध्यमबाट अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय स्तरमा नेपालको पहिचान बढाउन सकिन्छ।
पर्यटनको महत्व
नेपाल एक सुन्दर र प्राकृतिक सम्पदाले भरिपूर्ण देश हो। यहाँका हिमाल, पहाड, तालतलैया, र धार्मिक स्थलहरूले विश्वभरिका पर्यटकहरूलाई आकर्षित गर्छन्। पर्यटन नेपालको अर्थतन्त्रको महत्त्वपूर्ण हिस्सा हो, जसले रोजगारीको अवसर सिर्जना गर्न र विदेशी मुद्रा आर्जन गर्न सहयोग पुर्याउँछ। पर्यटकीय स्थलहरूको विकास र प्रवर्धन गर्न सरकारले विशेष ध्यान दिनु पर्दछ। पर्यटकीय स्थलहरूको संरक्षण र समुचित व्यवस्थापनले मात्र पर्यटनलाई दिगो बनाउन सकिन्छ। यसैले, पर्यटन क्षेत्रको विकासमा सबैको भूमिका आवश्यक छ।
परिवारको महत्व
परिवार समाजको आधारशिला हो। परिवारमा जन्मेपछि मानिसले आफ्नो पहिचान, संस्कार, र मूल्यवान शिक्षा पाउँछ। परिवारले व्यक्ति जीवनमा सफल हुनका लागि आवश्यक मार्गदर्शन र समर्थन प्रदान गर्छ। नेपालमा पारिवारिक सम्बन्धलाई उच्च प्राथमिकता दिइन्छ। परिवारमा एकता, प्रेम, र आपसी समझदारीले मात्र समाजमा शान्ति र स्थिरता कायम रहन्छ। हरेक व्यक्तिले आफ्नो परिवारको सम्मान र संरक्षण गर्नुपर्छ। परिवारको भूमिका व्यक्ति जीवनको हरेक चरणमा महत्वपूर्ण हुन्छ।
प्रविधिको उपयोग
आजको युग प्रविधिको युग हो। प्रविधिको विकासले हाम्रो जीवनलाई सहज, सरल, र तीव्र बनाएको छ। सूचना प्रविधिको माध्यमबाट विश्वको जुनसुकै ठाउँको जानकारी प्राप्त गर्न सकिन्छ। यद्यपि, प्रविधिको दुरुपयोगले सामाजिक, मानसिक, र शारीरिक समस्याहरू निम्त्याउन सक्छ। त्यसैले, प्रविधिको सही र जिम्मेवार प्रयोग गर्न आवश्यक छ। प्रविधिको सही उपयोगले मात्र हामीले आधुनिक युगका अवसरहरूको पूर्ण लाभ उठाउन सक्छौं। हरेक व्यक्तिले प्रविधिको सकारात्मक पक्षको उपयोग गर्नुपर्छ।
महिला सशक्तिकरण
महिला सशक्तिकरणको अर्थ महिलालाई समाजमा समान अधिकार र अवसर प्रदान गर्नु हो। नेपालको संविधानले महिलालाई समान अधिकार दिएको भए तापनि, व्यवहारमा अझै पनि महिलाहरूले विभेद र असमानताको सामना गर्नुपर्छ। महिला सशक्तिकरणका लागि शिक्षा, स्वास्थ्य, र रोजगारमा समान अवसर प्रदान गर्नुपर्छ। महिलाहरूलाई आर्थिक र सामाजिक रूपमा सशक्त बनाउन सके मात्र समाजमा वास्तविक समानता कायम गर्न सकिन्छ। महिला सशक्तिकरणले समाजमा शान्ति, स्थिरता, र विकास ल्याउन मद्दत गर्दछ।
नेपाली कला र संस्कृति
नेपालको कला र संस्कृति विविधताले भरिपूर्ण छ। यहाँका मूर्तिकला, चित्रकला, संगीत, नृत्य, र हस्तकला विश्वभर प्रसिद्ध छन्। विशेषगरी, नेवारी कला र संस्कृति नेपाली पहिचानको प्रतीक बनेको छ। काठमाडौँ उपत्यकाका प्राचीन मन्दिर, स्तूप, र दरबारहरूले नेपालको समृद्ध इतिहास र संस्कृतिलाई दर्शाउँछन्। नेपाली लोकसंगीत र नृत्यहरूले गाउँ-गाउँका परम्परा र संस्कृतिलाई जिउँदो राखेको छ। नेपाली कला र संस्कृतिको संरक्षण र संवर्धनका लागि युवा पुस्ताले पहल गर्न आवश्यक छ।
बालबालिकाको शिक्षा
बालबालिका राष्ट्रको भविष्य हुन्। उनीहरूको शिक्षा र विकासमा ध्यान दिनु हरेक समाजको प्रमुख कर्तव्य हो। शिक्षाले बालबालिकाको बौद्धिक, शारीरिक, र मानसिक विकासमा मद्दत गर्दछ। नेपालमा आधारभूत शिक्षालाई अनिवार्य गरिएको छ, तर अझै पनि धेरै बालबालिकाहरू शिक्षाबाट वञ्चित छन्। सबै बालबालिकालाई गुणस्तरीय शिक्षा दिनु अत्यन्त आवश्यक छ, जसले उनीहरूलाई सक्षम र जिम्मेवार नागरिक बनाउन सक्छ। बालबालिकाको शिक्षामा लगानी गर्नु भनेको राष्ट्रको भविष्यमा लगानी गर्नु हो।
मौसम परिवर्तन
मौसम परिवर्तन अहिलेको विश्वको प्रमुख समस्या हो। औद्योगिकीकरण, वन विनाश, र प्रदूषणका कारण ग्लोबल वार्मिङ बढ्दै गएको छ। यसको परिणामस्वरूप, विश्वभर प्राकृतिक प्रकोपहरू जस्तै बाढी, खडेरी, हुर्रिकेन, र हिमनदीको पग्लने क्रम तीव्र भएको छ। नेपालजस्तो हिमाली देशमा यसको प्रभाव अझ गम्भीर छ। मौसम परिवर्तनलाई नियन्त्रण गर्नका लागि कार्बन उत्सर्जन कम गर्न, वन संरक्षण गर्न, र नवीकरणीय ऊर्जा स्रोतहरूको प्रयोग गर्न आवश्यक छ। वातावरण संरक्षणमा हरेक व्यक्तिको भूमिका महत्वपूर्ण छ।
विद्यार्थी जीवन
विद्यार्थी जीवन मानिसको जीवनको सबैभन्दा महत्त्वपूर्ण र आधारभूत चरण हो। यस समयमा नै व्यक्ति आफ्नो भविष्यको आधारशिला तयार पार्दछ। यसैले, विद्यार्थीले आफ्नो पढाइमा ध्यान दिनु र अनुशासनमा रहनु आवश्यक छ। विद्यार्थी जीवनमा सिकेका कुराहरूले जीवनभरि काम दिन्छ। यस समयमा खेलकुद, स्रजनात्मक गतिविधि, र समाजसेवामा पनि संलग्न हुनुपर्छ। विद्यार्थी जीवनमा विकास गरिएका आदतहरूले भविष्यमा सफल र असल व्यक्तित्वको निर्माणमा सहयोग पुर्याउँछ।
नेपाली समाजमा जातीय एकता
नेपाल बहुजातीय, बहुभाषिक, बहुसांस्कृतिक, र बहुधार्मिक देश हो। यहाँ विभिन्न जातजातिहरू बसोबास गर्दछन्। यस विविधतामा एकता कायम राख्नका लागि सबै जाति र समुदायबीच आपसी मेलमिलाप, सहिष्णुता, र भाइचारा अत्यन्त आवश्यक छ। जातीय विभाजनले समाजमा विभेद र असन्तोष उत्पन्न गर्दछ, जसले देशको विकासमा बाधा पुर्याउँछ। त्यसैले, जातीय एकताका लागि सबैले आ-आफ्नो ठाउँबाट योगदान दिनु पर्नेछ। सबै जातजातिका मान्छेहरूले समान अधिकार र अवसर पाउनु पर्छ, जसले गर्दा समाजमा शान्ति, समृद्धि, र सद्भाव कायम हुन्छ।
शिक्षाको महत्व
शिक्षा मानव जीवनको सबैभन्दा महत्वपूर्ण पक्ष हो। शिक्षा बिना मानव जीवन अधूरो हुन्छ। शिक्षाले व्यक्तिलाई ज्ञान, सीप, र जीवनका विभिन्न पक्षहरूको बारेमा जानकारी दिन्छ। शिक्षित व्यक्तिले मात्र समाजमा राम्रो योगदान दिन सक्छ। यसैले, हरेक मानिसले शिक्षा प्राप्त गर्नुपर्छ। शिक्षाले व्यक्तिलाई आत्मनिर्भर बनाउँछ र जीवनका विभिन्न चुनौतीहरूको सामना गर्न सक्षम बनाउँछ। शिक्षाले मात्र समाजमा परिवर्तन ल्याउन सकिन्छ, त्यसैले शिक्षा सबैका लागि अनिवार्य हुनु पर्दछ।
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### **पर्यावरण संरक्षण**
पर्यावरण संरक्षण हाम्रो प्रमुख कर्तव्य हो। हाम्रा गतिविधिहरूले पृथ्वीमा प्रदूषणको स्तर बढाइरहेको छ, जसले गर्दा वातावरण बिग्रिँदै गएको छ। वातावरण संरक्षणका लागि हाम्रा क्रियाकलापहरूलाई नियन्त्रण गर्न आवश्यक छ। रुख रोप्ने, पानीको दुरुपयोग नगर्ने, प्लास्टिकको प्रयोग कम गर्ने जस्ता कामले वातावरणलाई बचाउन सकिन्छ। यदि हामीले वातावरणलाई बचाएनौं भने भविष्यमाथि गम्भीर असर पर्न सक्छ। त्यसैले, हरेक व्यक्तिले वातावरण संरक्षणमा आफ्नो भूमिका निर्वाह गर्नु पर्छ।
नेपाली संस्कृतिको महत्व
नेपाल विविधताले भरिएको देश हो, र यहाँको संस्कृति अनगिन्ती परम्पराहरू, चाडपर्वहरू, र संस्कारहरूले समृद्ध छ। नेपाली संस्कृतिले यहाँका जनताको पहिचानलाई परिभाषित गर्छ। चाडपर्वहरूले जनतालाई एकताको सूत्रमा बाँध्छन्, जसले गर्दा समाजमा मेलमिलाप र सद्भाव कायम रहन्छ। यस्ता संस्कार र परम्पराहरूलाई सम्मान गर्नु र तिनलाई भावी पुस्तामा हस्तान्तरण गर्नु हाम्रा कर्तव्य हो। संस्कृतिको संरक्षण र संवर्धनले मात्र हाम्रो पहिचानलाई जीवित राख्न सकिन्छ।
स्वास्थ्यको महत्व
स्वास्थ्य नै धन हो भन्ने पुरानो उखानले स्वास्थ्यको महत्वलाई उजागर गर्छ। स्वस्थ शरीरमा मात्र स्वस्थ मस्तिष्क बस्छ, जसले जीवनमा सफल बन्न सहयोग पुर्याउँछ। स्वास्थ्य रहनका लागि नियमित व्यायाम, सन्तुलित आहार, र स्वच्छता आवश्यक छ। साथै, मानसिक स्वास्थ्यको पनि ख्याल राख्नु पर्दछ। तनाव र चिन्ताबाट मुक्त रहन ध्यान र योगजस्ता अभ्यासहरू गर्न सकिन्छ। यदि स्वास्थ्य राम्रो छ भने मात्रै जीवनको सम्पूर्ण रङ्गहरू आनन्द लिन सकिन्छ।
नेपाली साहित्य
नेपाली साहित्य नेपाली भाषामा लेखिएका विभिन्न साहित्यिक कृतिहरूको संग्रह हो। नेपाली साहित्यले नेपालका सामाजिक, सांस्कृतिक, धार्मिक, र राजनीतिक पक्षहरूलाई चित्रण गर्छ। महाकवि लक्ष्मीप्रसाद देवकोटादेखि लिएर मोदनाथ प्रश्रितसम्म, नेपाली साहित्यमा धेरै महत्वपूर्ण लेखकहरूको योगदान रहेको छ। नेपाली साहित्यमा कविता, उपन्यास, निबन्ध, नाटक, कथा, र अन्य साहित्यिक विधाहरू समावेश छन्। साहित्यले समाजमा चेतना फैलाउने र परिवर्तन ल्याउने महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका खेल्दछ। यसैले, नेपाली साहित्यको अध्ययन र विकासमा सबैले चासो दिनु पर्छ।
खेलकुदको महत्व
खेलकुदले मानिसलाई शारीरिक र मानसिक रूपमा स्वस्थ राख्न सहयोग पुर्याउँछ। खेलकुदले अनुशासन, आत्मविश्वास, र नेतृत्व क्षमताको विकास गर्छ। नेपालमा क्रिकेट, फुटबल, भलिबल, कबड्डी, लगायतका खेलहरू लोकप्रिय छन्। खेलकुदले व्यक्ति, समाज, र राष्ट्रलाई एकतामा बाँध्न सक्छ। नियमित रूपमा खेलकुद गर्ने व्यक्तिहरूमा आत्म-संयम र सकारात्मक सोचको विकास हुन्छ। यसैले, हरेक व्यक्तिले खेलकुदमा संलग्न हुनुपर्छ। खेलकुदको माध्यमबाट अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय स्तरमा नेपालको पहिचान बढाउन सकिन्छ।
पर्यटनको महत्व
नेपाल एक सुन्दर र प्राकृतिक सम्पदाले भरिपूर्ण देश हो। यहाँका हिमाल, पहाड, तालतलैया, र धार्मिक स्थलहरूले विश्वभरिका पर्यटकहरूलाई आकर्षित गर्छन्। पर्यटन नेपालको अर्थतन्त्रको महत्त्वपूर्ण हिस्सा हो, जसले रोजगारीको अवसर सिर्जना गर्न र विदेशी मुद्रा आर्जन गर्न सहयोग पुर्याउँछ। पर्यटकीय स्थलहरूको विकास र प्रवर्धन गर्न सरकारले विशेष ध्यान दिनु पर्दछ। पर्यटकीय स्थलहरूको संरक्षण र समुचित व्यवस्थापनले मात्र पर्यटनलाई दिगो बनाउन सकिन्छ। यसैले, पर्यटन क्षेत्रको विकासमा सबैको भूमिका आवश्यक छ।
परिवारको महत्व
परिवार समाजको आधारशिला हो। परिवारमा जन्मेपछि मानिसले आफ्नो पहिचान, संस्कार, र मूल्यवान शिक्षा पाउँछ। परिवारले व्यक्ति जीवनमा सफल हुनका लागि आवश्यक मार्गदर्शन र समर्थन प्रदान गर्छ। नेपालमा पारिवारिक सम्बन्धलाई उच्च प्राथमिकता दिइन्छ। परिवारमा एकता, प्रेम, र आपसी समझदारीले मात्र समाजमा शान्ति र स्थिरता कायम रहन्छ। हरेक व्यक्तिले आफ्नो परिवारको सम्मान र संरक्षण गर्नुपर्छ। परिवारको भूमिका व्यक्ति जीवनको हरेक चरणमा महत्वपूर्ण हुन्छ।
प्रविधिको उपयोग
आजको युग प्रविधिको युग हो। प्रविधिको विकासले हाम्रो जीवनलाई सहज, सरल, र तीव्र बनाएको छ। सूचना प्रविधिको माध्यमबाट विश्वको जुनसुकै ठाउँको जानकारी प्राप्त गर्न सकिन्छ। यद्यपि, प्रविधिको दुरुपयोगले सामाजिक, मानसिक, र शारीरिक समस्याहरू निम्त्याउन सक्छ। त्यसैले, प्रविधिको सही र जिम्मेवार प्रयोग गर्न आवश्यक छ। प्रविधिको सही उपयोगले मात्र हामीले आधुनिक युगका अवसरहरूको पूर्ण लाभ उठाउन सक्छौं। हरेक व्यक्तिले प्रविधिको सकारात्मक पक्षको उपयोग गर्नुपर्छ।
महिला सशक्तिकरण
महिला सशक्तिकरणको अर्थ महिलालाई समाजमा समान अधिकार र अवसर प्रदान गर्नु हो। नेपालको संविधानले महिलालाई समान अधिकार दिएको भए तापनि, व्यवहारमा अझै पनि महिलाहरूले विभेद र असमानताको सामना गर्नुपर्छ। महिला सशक्तिकरणका लागि शिक्षा, स्वास्थ्य, र रोजगारमा समान अवसर प्रदान गर्नुपर्छ। महिलाहरूलाई आर्थिक र सामाजिक रूपमा सशक्त बनाउन सके मात्र समाजमा वास्तविक समानता कायम गर्न सकिन्छ। महिला सशक्तिकरणले समाजमा शान्ति, स्थिरता, र विकास ल्याउन मद्दत गर्दछ।
नेपाली कला र संस्कृति
नेपालको कला र संस्कृति विविधताले भरिपूर्ण छ। यहाँका मूर्तिकला, चित्रकला, संगीत, नृत्य, र हस्तकला विश्वभर प्रसिद्ध छन्। विशेषगरी, नेवारी कला र संस्कृति नेपाली पहिचानको प्रतीक बनेको छ। काठमाडौँ उपत्यकाका प्राचीन मन्दिर, स्तूप, र दरबारहरूले नेपालको समृद्ध इतिहास र संस्कृतिलाई दर्शाउँछन्। नेपाली लोकसंगीत र नृत्यहरूले गाउँ-गाउँका परम्परा र संस्कृतिलाई जिउँदो राखेको छ। नेपाली कला र संस्कृतिको संरक्षण र संवर्धनका लागि युवा पुस्ताले पहल गर्न आवश्यक छ।
बालबालिकाको शिक्षा
बालबालिका राष्ट्रको भविष्य हुन्। उनीहरूको शिक्षा र विकासमा ध्यान दिनु हरेक समाजको प्रमुख कर्तव्य हो। शिक्षाले बालबालिकाको बौद्धिक, शारीरिक, र मानसिक विकासमा मद्दत गर्दछ। नेपालमा आधारभूत शिक्षालाई अनिवार्य गरिएको छ, तर अझै पनि धेरै बालबालिकाहरू शिक्षाबाट वञ्चित छन्। सबै बालबालिकालाई गुणस्तरीय शिक्षा दिनु अत्यन्त आवश्यक छ, जसले उनीहरूलाई सक्षम र जिम्मेवार नागरिक बनाउन सक्छ। बालबालिकाको शिक्षामा लगानी गर्नु भनेको राष्ट्रको भविष्यमा लगानी गर्नु हो।
मौसम परिवर्तन
मौसम परिवर्तन अहिलेको विश्वको प्रमुख समस्या हो। औद्योगिकीकरण, वन विनाश, र प्रदूषणका कारण ग्लोबल वार्मिङ बढ्दै गएको छ। यसको परिणामस्वरूप, विश्वभर प्राकृतिक प्रकोपहरू जस्तै बाढी, खडेरी, हुर्रिकेन, र हिमनदीको पग्लने क्रम तीव्र भएको छ। नेपालजस्तो हिमाली देशमा यसको प्रभाव अझ गम्भीर छ। मौसम परिवर्तनलाई नियन्त्रण गर्नका लागि कार्बन उत्सर्जन कम गर्न, वन संरक्षण गर्न, र नवीकरणीय ऊर्जा स्रोतहरूको प्रयोग गर्न आवश्यक छ। वातावरण संरक्षणमा हरेक व्यक्तिको भूमिका महत्वपूर्ण छ।
विद्यार्थी जीवन
विद्यार्थी जीवन मानिसको जीवनको सबैभन्दा महत्त्वपूर्ण र आधारभूत चरण हो। यस समयमा नै व्यक्ति आफ्नो भविष्यको आधारशिला तयार पार्दछ। यसैले, विद्यार्थीले आफ्नो पढाइमा ध्यान दिनु र अनुशासनमा रहनु आवश्यक छ। विद्यार्थी जीवनमा सिकेका कुराहरूले जीवनभरि काम दिन्छ। यस समयमा खेलकुद, स्रजनात्मक गतिविधि, र समाजसेवामा पनि संलग्न हुनुपर्छ। विद्यार्थी जीवनमा विकास गरिएका आदतहरूले भविष्यमा सफल र असल व्यक्तित्वको निर्माणमा सहयोग पुर्याउँछ।
