South Korea's President Yoon Suk Yeol lifted the martial law order after a chaotic night which saw MPs block the surprise move. Less than two hours after his martial law declaration, MPs had defied the president, gathering at the National Assembly and voting to block his move. Some broke through barricades or climbed fences to get inside the building; there were scuffles between police and protesters outside. Demonstrators who had gathered outside parliament to protest the sudden introduction of military rule are now celebrating its equally sudden reversal. Analysis: Yoon is mired in controversy and has been a lame duck president since a general election in April this year, writes Jake Kwon in Seoul.
Policing the Bargaining Process: Three policy concerns regarding the bargaining process: status of the parties, behavior of the parties during the bargaining process, substance of the bargain.
Capacity: Main classes of people that lack the capacity to enter into a contract: minors and the mentally ill.
The Infancy Doctrine: A contract entered into by a minor is voidable. A contract entered into by a minor may be disaffirmed by them during minority or within a reasonable time after reaching the age of majority.
Ratification: Generally there are three ways that a former minor/new adult can ratify the contract. (1) Express ratification—an express affirmation of desire to continue the contract. (2) Implied-in-Fact ratification—The contract made during minority can be affirmed by the party’s conduct after reaching the age of majority. (3) Ratification by silence and inaction—a minor is given a reasonable time to disaffirm the contract after reaching the age of majority, and if the contract is not disaffirmed within that reasonable time, ratification will be implied.
An exception for necessities: A minor may not avoid a contract for goods or services necessary for his health and sustenance.
Restitution for Minors: Restatement 2d Rule--Upon disaffirming a contract, a minor can get restitution of all payments already made to a seller, but the goods must be returned. Restatement 3d rule--“a person who renders performance under an agreement that is unenforceable by reason of the other party’s legal incapacity has a claim in restitution against the recipient as necessary to prevent unjust enrichment.”
Restitution for the adult party is available when the minor: (1) Buys something with cash, (2) Contracts for a necessity, (3) The minor misrepresented their age.
Mentally Infirm: Contractual capacity of the mentally ill, Restatement 2d rule--“A person incurs only voidable contractual duties by entering into a transaction if by reason of mental illness or defect (b) he is unable to act in a reasonable manner in relation to the transaction and the other party has reason to know of his condition.”
Unfairness: When a contract resulted from duress, fraud, or mistake, the ordinary remedy is to allow the victim to rescind or avoid (void) the contract. The contract will be voidable, not void.
Duress: impressible pressure exerted by one party over another either during pre-contractual bargaining or during the attempted renegotiation of an existing agreement.
Duress & Modifications: Restatement (2d) 73--Performance of a legal duty owed to a promisor which is neither doubtful nor the subject of honest dispute is not consideration. UCC 2-209--Contract modifications need not be supported by consideration. Only applies to merchants.
UCC 2-209, Comment 2: modifications made thereunder must meet the test of good faith imposed by this Act and the extortion of “modification” without legitimate commercial reason is ineffective as a violation of the duty of good faith.
Pre-Existing Duty Rule: When a party merely does what he has already obligated himself to do, he cannot demand an additional compensation therefore, and although, by taking advantage of the necessities of his adversary, he obtains a promise for more, the law will regard it as nudum pactum. Ligenfelder v. Brewing Co.
Substituted Agreement: An existing contract is terminated by consent of both parties and a new one executed in its place and stead. Schwartzreich.
Restatement (2d) 89: Modification of Executory Contract. A promise modifying a duty under a contract not fully performed on either side is binding (a) if the modification is fair and equitable in view of circumstances not anticipated by the parties when the contract was made; or (b) to the extent provided by statute; or (c) to the extent that justice requires enforcement in view of material change of position in reliance on the promise.
Business Compulsion: Duress in business transactions. Demonstrated by proof that “immediate possession of needful goods is threatened,” i.e., that one party has threatened to breach the agreement by withholding goods unless the other party agrees to some further demand AND the threatened party could not obtain the goods from another source AND the remedy through a breach of contract action would be inadequate. The party must “contact all the manufacturers that the party believes is capable.”
Undue Influence: Described as “whatever destroys free agency and constrains the person whose act is under review to do what which is contrary to his own untrammeled desire. Neill. A person may void obligations procured by undue influence.
Four factors of undue influence: (1) an unnatural disposition made; (2) by a person susceptible to undue influence to the advantage of someone; (3) with an opportunity to exercise undue influence; and (4) who in fact has used that opportunity to procure the contested disposition through improper means.
Confidential relations: Can give rise to a finding of undue influence. exist whenever the relative position of the parties is such that one has power and means to take advantage of or exert undue influence over the other. Young v. Kaye.
Fraudulent misrepresentation: An assertion made with knowledge that it is false and with the intention of inducing the other party’s agreement.
Concealment: Deliberate conduct to hide a fact.
Nondisclosure: The failure to reveal a fact, regardless of whether there is an intention to conceal that fact.
Nondisclosure is only fraudulent if the circumstances impose a duty on the party to disclose information.
When does duty to disclose arise? Where the party knows that disclosure of that fact is necessary to correct a previous assertion; where it is needed to clarify a partial or ambiguous assertion; where there is a fiduciary or confidential relationship between the two parties; where the party knows that disclosure is necessary to correct the other party’s mistake as to a basic assumption of the contract; nondisclosure would violate the duty of good faith and fair dealing; where one party took affirmative action to conceal a fact.
Requirements of Fraud: Materiality—the misrepresentation must be a material one; Justifiable reliance—some degree of diligence on the part of the victim; how much depends on the victim’s capacities, the nature of the transaction, and the plausibility of the representation; misrepresentation of fact—not opinion, this is a traditional rule.
Promissory Fraud (Fraudulent Inducement): Inducing another person’s reliance on a promise that the promisor has no intention of fulfilling, and which is sometimes considered a type of fraudulent inducement. The promisor, at the time of making certain representations, lacked any intention to perform them. Junk v. Aon Corp.
Puffing: An opinion or judgment that is not made as a representation of fact. It is generally an expression, or an exaggeration made by a salesperson or found in an advertisement that concerns the quality of goods offered for sale. Puffing is not generally considered to be a legally binding promise.
UCC 2-609: Right to Adequate Assurance of Performance: (a) A contract for sale imposes an obligation on each party that the other’s expectation of receiving due performance will not be impaired.
Limits on the Bargain and Performance: Unfairness and Unconscionability.
Arm’s-length transaction: A transaction or an agreement involving parties who are equally involved in negotiating the terms of the deal and neither party has an obligation to protect the interests of the other party.
Unfairness: “Necessitous men are not, truly speaking, free men.” Vernon v. Bethell.
Equitable Relief: A judicial remedy granted in the interest of attaining a result that, under the circumstances, will be more just than what the law otherwise would provide. Examples of equitable relief include injunctions, orders of specific performance, and reformation of contracts.
(One of) the only times where the adequacy of consideration will be looked into by the court.
Restatement 1d Contracts 367: Specific enforcement of a contract may be refused if (a) the consideration for it is grossly inadequate or its terms are otherwise unfair, or (b) its enforcement will cause unreasonable or disproportionate hardship or loss to the defendant or to third persons, or (c) it was induced by some sharp practice, misrepresentation, or mistake.
Although a contract is harsh, oppressive, and unconscionable, it may nevertheless be enforceable at law; but, in the discretion of the court, equitable remedies will not be enforced against one who suffers from such harshness and oppression. Corbin.
Such prior services and the past relations of the parties may properly be consideration in connection with the fairness of the contract and adequacy of the consideration. Tuckwiller v. Tuckwiller.
Unfairness and Consideration: Courts don’t inquire into the “relative value of the consideration in a contract between businessmen at arm’s length.” Why not? (1) Administrative simplicity is a virtue—courts can’t be required to prescribe prices. (2) The test of enforceability should be certain, not containing vague terms like “fair” or “reasonable” as tests of validity. (3) Freedom of contract.
It is not the function of the court to interfere by determining the validity of a contract between ordinary businessmen on the basis of its beliefs as to the adequacy of the consideration. Black Industries v. Bush.
Unconscionability: A determination that a contractual term was so procedurally and substantively unfair and offensive that the harmed party should be relieved from its consequences; an equitable defense to a claim of breach of contract, regardless of whether the plaintiff seeks legal or equitable relief; applies to all types of contracts. Present at common law and in the UCC.
UCC 2-302, Unconscionable Contract or Clause: (1) If the court as a matter of law finds the contract or any clause of the contract to have been unconscionable at the time it was made the court may refuse to enforce the contract, or it may enforce the remainder of the contract without the unconscionable clause, or it may so limit the application of any unconscionable clause as to avoid any unconscionable result. (2) When it is claimed or appears to the court that the contract or any clause therefore may be unconscionable the parties shall be afforded a reasonable opportunity to present evidence as to its commercial settings, purpose, and effect to aid the court in making the determination.
Where the element of unconscionability is present at the time a contract is made, the contract should not be enforced. William v. Walker-Thomas Furniture.
The Two Types of Unconscionability: For a contract to be limited based on unconscionability, both procedural and substantive unconscionability must be present.
Procedural Unconscionability: A contract can be challenged based on significant procedural deficiencies concerning its formation such as substantial inequality in bargaining power or unfair surprise in the terms of the contract.
Inequality in bargaining power: contracts of adhesion (cannot change the terms); not always unconscionable but sometimes are; must be more than just a contract of adhesion.
Unfair surprise: material terms were effectively hidden or disguised in a contract drafted by the party with superior bargaining power or more sophistication. Campbell Soup Co. v. Wentz.
Usuary laws: laws outlawing exorbitant interest rates; significantly weakened or abolished in several states; SCOTUS ruled that banks based in states with no usuary laws do not have to follow them even in states with the laws.
It is not necessary that fraud was committed during negotiations to find procedural unconscionability.
Mere disparity in bargaining power is not enough.
Substantive Unconscionability: A contract can be challenged because its substantive terms are fundamentally unfair at the time that the contract was entered into.
Oppressive contract terms so inordinately one-sided that one party has been deprived of all or substantially all of the benefits or left without an effective remedy in the event of the other party’s breach.
Addressing the Unconscionable, Courts can: (a) rescind the entire contract; (b) delete the unconscionable portion and enforce the remainder of the contract; (c) modify the terms to make them not unconscionable.
Challenges to Arbitration Agreements: Under Section 2 of the Federal Arbitration Act, arbitration clauses may be challenged on grounds of unconscionability.
South Korea has woken up to the aftermath of a turbulent night in politics - and we're still expecting a lot to happen today as the country figures out what will happen next. Let's take a look at where things stand: In a late-night TV address, South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol declared martial law in the democratic nation, arguing that the move was needed to protect the country from North Korean elements and "anti-state forces" Less than two hours later, with 190 of its 300 members present, South Korea's parliament voted down the measure and ruled the martial law order invalid Soon after, President Yoon reversed course and the martial law was lifted Large demonstrations took place overnight outside the parliament, with many South Koreans expressing relief that the martial law announcement was taken back Earlier this morning, Yoon's staff offered to resign en masse - although the president himself is yet to make a public appearance US Secretary of State Antony Blinken said the United States, a key strategic and defence partner for South Korea, continues to expect "political disagreements to be resolved peacefully and in accordance with the rule of law"
Rarely do you get to speak to a member of parliament at 02:00 in the morning, and even more rarely do you get to speak to them when they’ve just – in effect – broken in to grounds of parliament. But that is what happened earlier on the BBC World Service's Newshour programme. Hong Keewon is a national assembly member for the main opposition Democratic Party. He told the BBC’s Tim Franks he had been asleep when the president made his late-night declaration of martial law. Hong’s wife woke him up to break the news. Hong said he could not believe it at first. Then, he raced to the parliament. When he got there, police were blocking the entrance. So he told protestors who he was, and they gave him a leg up to climb over the wall. Inside the chamber of parliament, he said everyone was united. Even members of the president’s own party can’t believe what’s going on, he said. “Democracy is strong here,” Hong insisted, adding: The military needs to listen to us, to the constitution, and not to the president.
The secretary general of South Korea's National Assembly has vowed to hold members of the military "legally responsible" for any "physical damage and illegal acts" which were carried out during President Yoon's short-lived declaration of martial law. "Starting today, the Ministry of National Defense, police, etc. are completely prohibited from entering the National Assembly," Kim Min-ki said in a speech on Wednesday, according to the South Korean broadcaster MBC. Min-ki said he would soon "disclose all CCTV footage" which captured any "illegal acts by martial law troops" who had entered the National Assembly following President Yoon's order. He added that approximately 230 armed troops had entered the National Assembly grounds at least 24 times via helicopters in the short period before lawmakers voted to lift martial law.
No sé que voy a escribir solo estoy escribiendo esto por que alchile me va bastante mal en las demás pruebas y solo quiero escribir lo que yo quiero escribir de ese modo voy a escribir más rápido y no escribiendo las mamadas estupidas que escriben otro que ralentizan mi escritura pero como sea odio a todos me voy a comer un pan adios
Tyurirurimyotte winiwini yuwarinicche nawemohi tyurirurimyohe winiwini yuwani yuweni yuwenu na nanihenu fihananneni fihananneni nienoweni noehinyuherahe nawenoni shumeri hihana fiha nyueni fihana mifa nienoweni fihana mifa nienowena nyoehinuherahe nawenoni nyumeri fihana mifa nyueni hey! hey! hey! hey! hey! hey!
Tyurirurimyohe wiruwini yuwarinishe nahemohi tyurirurimyohe wiruwini yuwari yuweri fiyumenoshechu tyurirurimyohe wiruwini yuwarinishe nahemohi tyuriruracche wiruwini yuweni fihananneni fihananneni nienoweni nyoehiniherahe nawenoni shumeri hihana fiha fihana mifa nyuenoweni fihana mifa nyuenowena nyoehiniherahe nawenoni nyuenu mya weni marei mirekyarahire juri yu mirekerason kire hyari yoriherahe nyurahera nunnyura unera yuraferaso fihana mifa nyuenoweni fihana mifa nyuenowena nyoehiniherahe nawenoni nyumeri hihana fiha nieno fihana mifa nyuenoweni fihana mifa nyuenowena nyoehiniherahe nawenoni yuweni
Moranife teyuruni merikeraninshu (matunushushu) rattinsha uyuruni (ranityurare tyurare) meremerenu rattinu tyurirutuyu kireritura kirikirini merankerashe yuweniruwenirune wanoyurarishueru tiretirenu narinushu wanoyurarishururu miremirenu furimukuyu raretyurare tyutte mieruni uneratune medekyuera kyuera kerarunife
Megeparapi gera weriweriweriweri bora megeparacho gera merimerimerimeri nyu chore chorekkirapakerati dericchonnyurumeru rikkyorakkyore wiriwirinyu nyuru me me meremerenyu dekkyanshī dera ricchere cherira boreborebore wekeraponi chorape chorapenape yucchomorabinyu dekkyanshī dere ricchere cherira geregeregeregere meranyuru chorape chorape yoricche nyurumeri
Victor's family went on a sunny voyage across a wide, blue river in a small wooden canoe. He waved to the ducks swimming nearby and cheered as a curious fish jumped out of the water. The view of the mountains ahead was so beautiful that Victor wished the trip would never end.
De tweede stap in het proces is verbinding maken met de server. Hier wordt het IP-adres dat je hebt verkregen via de DNS-resolutie gebruikt om daadwerkelijk contact te maken met de webserver die de website host. Hier is hoe dit verloopt:
Met het verkregen IP-adres weet je computer naar welke specifieke server het verzoek moet worden gestuurd. Dit gebeurt via het Transport Control Protocol (TCP).
Je computer maakt een socket aan, wat een combinatie is van: het verkregen IP-adres en de poort waarop de server bereikbaar is (meestal poort 80 voor HTTP of poort 443 voor HTTPS).
TCP zorgt voor een betrouwbare verbinding tussen je computer en de server door middel van een drie-weg-handshake:
Je computer stuurt een SYN-pakket (synchronisatie) naar de server om te laten weten dat het een verbinding wil starten. De server ontvangt het SYN-pakket en stuurt een SYN-ACK-pakket (synchronisatie-acknowledgement) terug om te bevestigen dat het klaar is om te communiceren. Je computer stuurt een ACK-pakket (acknowledgement) terug naar de server om de verbinding te voltooien.
Nu is de TCP-verbinding tot stand gebracht en kan data veilig heen en weer worden gestuurd.
Als de website HTTPS gebruikt (wat tegenwoordig de standaard is), wordt na de TCP-handshake een TLS/SSL-handshake uitgevoerd om een beveiligde verbinding op te zetten. Je computer en de server wisselen certificaten en encryptiesleutels uit. Ze stellen samen een sessiesleutel in die wordt gebruikt om alle verdere communicatie te versleutelen. Dit maakt de verbinding veilig tegen afluisteren of manipulatie.
Zodra de verbinding (TCP en eventueel TLS/SSL) tot stand is gebracht, kan je computer beginnen met het verzenden van een HTTP-verzoek naar de server om de inhoud van de website op te vragen.
Deze stap zorgt ervoor dat er een stabiele en eventueel versleutelde lijn wordt opgezet tussen jouw apparaat en de webserver, zodat je gegevens betrouwbaar kunnen worden uitgewisseld.
"Every up." Spanish stage 1881 to 1973.
De eerste stap, DNS-resolutie, is essentieel om een website te kunnen bezoeken. Hier is een gedetailleerde uitleg van hoe dit proces werkt:
1. De browser checkt de cache:
Je browser controleert eerst of het IP-adres van de ingevoerde website al in zijn eigen cache staat. Als je recent dezelfde website hebt bezocht, wordt dit opgeslagen en kan de browser direct verder zonder een DNS-verzoek te doen.
2. Systeemcache:
Als de browser geen gegevens heeft, kijkt het besturingssysteem in zijn DNS-cache. Hier worden eerder opgevraagde IP-adressen tijdelijk opgeslagen.
3. Hosts-bestand:
Als het IP-adres nog niet gevonden is, controleert het besturingssysteem het hosts-bestand. Dit is een lokaal bestand op je computer waarin handmatig toegewezen IP-adressen staan voor specifieke domeinen.
4. DNS-server raadplegen:
Als geen van de bovenstaande stappen het IP-adres oplevert, wordt een DNS-verzoek naar een geconfigureerde DNS-server gestuurd. Dit is meestal een DNS-server van je internetprovider of een publieke DNS zoals Google DNS (8.8.8.8) of Cloudflare (1.1.1.1).
5. Iteratieve of recursieve zoekopdracht:
De DNS-server probeert nu het IP-adres te achterhalen:
• Recursieve zoekopdracht: De DNS-server handelt alles voor je af en vraagt andere DNS-servers om hulp totdat het antwoord gevonden is.
• Iteratieve zoekopdracht: De DNS-server verwijst je apparaat door naar een andere server dichter bij het antwoord, zoals een rootserver, TLD-server of authoritatieve server.
6. Rootserver:
Als de DNS-server het IP-adres niet kent, vraagt het een rootserver (het hoogste niveau in het DNS-systeem). De rootserver verwijst naar de juiste TLD-server (bijvoorbeeld voor “.com” of “.nl”).
7. TLD-server:
De TLD-server verwijst naar de juiste authoritatieve DNS-server die specifiek is voor het domein.
8. Authoritatieve DNS-server:
Deze server bevat het echte IP-adres van het domein dat je zoekt. Het stuurt dit adres terug naar de oorspronkelijke DNS-server.
9. Resultaat terugsturen:
Het gevonden IP-adres wordt teruggestuurd via de DNS-server naar je apparaat. Je systeem slaat dit adres tijdelijk op in de cache om het in de toekomst sneller te kunnen opzoeken.
10. De browser maakt verbinding:
Nu de browser het IP-adres heeft, stuurt het een verzoek naar de webserver van de website.
Wil je een specifieke stap verder uitgelegd hebben? 😊
Aware that Cersei is trying to rid herself of him, Jaime argues that his place is beside the king, not off laying siege to Riverrun. But his sister responds that she can't rely on Daven, and needs Jaime to defeat Brynden Tully, as well as find out why Gregor's men at Harrenhal have not released Wylis Manderly as the crown requested. She states that Osmund Kettleblack will command the Kingsguard in his absence, although Jaime dislikes the idea.
Jaime's command consists of Kennos, Dermot, Strongboar, Red Ronnet, as well as Ilyn Payne and Addam Marbrand, whom Jaime demanded as concessions from his sister.
On the first night, they guest at Castle Hayford, and Jaime considers the fate of his cousin Tyrek, who would be lord of the castle were he not missing. He thinks it possible the boy is still alive, perhaps having been secreted off by command of Varys, who very well could have known that the riot would occur.
Starting that night, Ser Jaime begins training every night with Ilyn Payne, in the hopes that he can become a proficient swordsman with his left hand. The company also visits Sow's Horn and meets with Ser Roger Hogg.
Arriving at Harrenhal, Jaime has Gregor Clegane's men release all prisoners, including Wylis Manderly, and then leaves Ser Bonifer Hasty and the Holy Hundred to hold the castle until Petyr Baelish takes up its lordship. Jaime commands Bonifer to kill Sandor Clegane or Thoros of Myr if either are captured, but requests he send him any Bloody Mummers or Beric Dondarrion should they fall into his hands.
Outside, Jaime comes across Ronnet Connington, who mentions how he once was betrothed to Brienne of Tarth. When Ronnet mocks Brienne, Jaime hits him in the face with his golden hand.
‘Twas the night before Christmas, when all through the house⏎ Not a creature was stirring, not even a mouse.⏎ The stockings were hung by the chimney with care,⏎ In hopes that St Nicholas soon would be there.⏎ The children were nestled all snug in their beds,⏎ While visions of sugar-plums danced in their heads.⏎ And mamma in her ‘kerchief, and I in my cap,⏎ Had just settled our brains for a long winter’s nap.⏎ When out on the lawn there arose such a clatter,⏎ I sprang from the bed to see what was the matter.⏎ Away to the window I flew like a flash,⏎ Tore open the shutters and threw up the sash.⏎ The moon on the breast of the new-fallen snow⏎ Gave the lustre of mid-day to objects below.⏎ When, what to my wondering eyes should appear,⏎ But a miniature sleigh, and eight tiny reindeer.⏎ With a little old driver, so lively and quick,⏎ I knew in a moment it must be St Nick.⏎ More rapid than eagles his coursers they came,⏎ And he whistled, and shouted, and called them by name!⏎”Now Dasher! now, Dancer! now, Prancer and Vixen!⏎On, Comet! On, Cupid! on, Donner and Blitzen!⏎To the top of the porch! to the top of the wall!⏎Now dash away! Dash away! Dash away all!”⏎As dry leaves that before the wild hurricane fly,⏎ When they meet with an obstacle, mount to the sky.⏎ So up to the house-top the coursers they flew,⏎ With the sleigh full of Toys, and St Nicholas too.⏎ And then, in a twinkling, I heard on the roof⏎ The prancing and pawing of each little hoof.⏎ As I drew in my head, and was turning around,⏎ Down the chimney St Nicholas came with a bound.⏎ He was dressed all in fur, from his head to his foot,⏎ And his clothes were all tarnished with ashes and soot.⏎ A bundle of Toys he had flung on his back,⏎ And he looked like a peddler, just opening his pack.⏎ His eyes-how they twinkled! his dimples how merry!⏎His cheeks were like roses, his nose like a cherry!⏎His droll little mouth was drawn up like a bow,⏎ And the beard of his chin was as white as the snow.⏎ The stump of a pipe he held tight in his teeth,⏎ And the smoke it encircled his head like a wreath.⏎ He had a broad face and a little round belly,⏎ That shook when he laughed, like a bowlful of jelly!⏎He was chubby and plump, a right jolly old elf,⏎ And I laughed when I saw him, in spite of myself!⏎A wink of his eye and a twist of his head,⏎ Soon gave me to know I had nothing to dread.⏎ He spoke not a word, but went straight to his work,⏎ And filled all the stockings, then turned with a jerk.⏎ And laying his finger aside of his nose,⏎ And giving a nod, up the chimney he rose!⏎He sprang to his sleigh, to his team gave a whistle,⏎ And away they all flew like the down of a thistle.⏎ But I heard him exclaim, ‘ere he drove out of sight,⏎ ”Happy Christmas to all, and to all a good-night!”
A SOURCES OF EVIDENCE LAW
There are three sources of evidence law: (i) state common law and miscellaneous state statutes, (ii) comprehensive state evidence codes, and (iii) the Federal Rules of Evidence.
B THRESHOLD ADMISSIBILITY ISSUES
Generally, relevant evidence is admissible if it is competent. Under the Federal Rules, ''relevant evidence" tends to prove (probativeness) any fact of consequence to the action (materiality). Evidence is competent if it does not violate any exclusionary rule (the hearsay rule).
C. DIRECT AND CIRCUMSTANTIAL EVIDENCE
Direct evidence involves no inferences. It is testimony or real evidence that speaks directly to a material issue in the case. Circumstantial evidence is indirect and relies on inference. It is evidence of a subsidiary or collateral fact from which, alone or in conjunction with other facts, the existence of the material issue can be inferred.
D. LIMITED ADMISSIBILITY
Evidence may be admissible for one purpose but not another, or admissible against one party but not another. In these situations, the court must, upon timely request, restrict the evidence to its proper scope and instruct thejury accordingly. Furthermore, the court may exclude the evidence entirely if it determines that, even with a limiting instruction, the probative value of the evidence with respect to its legitimate purpose would be substantially outweighed by danger of unfair prejudice with respect to its incompetent purpose .
. Whenever he sees Estella, Pip remembers his eternal weaknesses. Eplain.
She reminds him of his miserable childhood as a poor working boy. He also feels heartbroken because he knows that she will never make him happy although he adores her.
Estella is a beautiful lady that has been put on the wrong route. Discuss.
Miss Havisham adopted pretty Estella and brought her up to be a cruel lady who has no heart. She planned to use Estella to take revenge on men.
Why do you think Miss Havisham always reminded Pip of Estella's cruelty to him as a child?
I think she wanted to see him sad and heartbroken.
"Please, don't say that she is the Estella you knew!" Miss Havisham said, annoyed. What do you think annoyed Miss Havisham?
Miss Havisham wouldn't accept from anybody the idea that Estella hasn't changed a lot. She wanted everybody to think like her that Estella had changed into a well-educated beautiful young lady
Miss Havisham intended to remind Pip of Estella's cruelty when they were young, but Pip said, "Well, perhaps, but it was a very long time ago". Why do you think Pip pretended not to remember Estella's cruelty?
Perhaps he wanted to forget about the past and looked forward to a different start.
. "Miss Havisham laughed, and told us to walk together in the garden." Why do you think she asked Pip and Estella to walk in the garden?
I think she wanted to make Pip give Estella his heart completely. This way, he would be destroyed when Estella would leave him. Miss Havisham would succed in taking revenge on one of the men.
"Poor little Pip was much better than Pip the gentleman." Do you agree or not? Why?
I completely agree. Poor little Pip went to visit his dead parents. Poor little Pip cared much about his friendship with Joe. But Pip, the rich gentleman, was ashamed of Joe and the poor people of the village.
When they were walking in the garden of Miss Havisham's house, Pip reminded Estella of her cruelty to him. Guess why.
Perhaps he wanted to see if she had changed her attitude towards him.
If you were Estella, would you forget about Miss Havisham's evil intentions and stop belittling and humiliating Pip? Why/Why not?
Of course, I would. Estella has a life to enjoy. She wasn't supposed to destroy her life to take revenge on men who did not do anything wrong to her.
"I'll tell you what real love is! It is giving your heart to someone completely - just as I did!" Is what Miss Havisham says true or false? Why?
I think it is partly true. We must be honest in our feelings. However, we mustn't destroy our lives under the slogan of true love. After all, we are humans and we make mistakes. We must admit our mistakes and try to correct them.
Pip was right not to visit Joe when he visited his village. Do you agree or not? Why?
I don't agree. Pip was so proud of himself that he thought himself superior to Joe. He does not deserve Joe's true friendship.
If you were Joe, would you accept Pip's present? Why/Why not?
- No, I wouldn't accept it of course. Pip should have visited Joe in his house to give him the present himself. Joe would be happier with the visit than with the present.
What do you think of Herbert as a friend of Pip's? Give reasons for your answer.
Herbert was a good friend to Pip, especially concerning his relation with Estella. He advised Pip to forget her because she wouldn't make him happy.
Meine Schule
In diesem Text werde ich über meine Schule schreiben. Warum ich diese Schule und das Programm gewählt habe.
Jetzt besuche ich die NTI-Schule in Uppsala. Es liegt nicht so weit weg vom Stadtzentrum, aber trotzdem ein wenig am Stadtrand. Die Schule liegt etwa 14 Minuten mit dem Fahrrad entfernt. Ich wohne so nah an die Schule, dass die Fahrt mit dem Bus länger dauert als mit dem Fahrrad.
Die Schule ist eher klein mit etwa 500 schüler*innen. Sie hat drei Stockwerke und das Schulgebäude ist nicht so groß. Mein Schließfach liegt im zweiten Stock, genau in der Mitte. Das ist sehr gut, weil ich immer in der Nähe von meinem Schließfach bin und dann muss ich nie sehr lang gehen so meinen Sachen nehmen.
Besonders für den Technikleischtungskurs ist selbstverständlich Technologie, was ich dreimal in der Woche habe. Nächstes Jahr, wenn ich in die zweite Klasse gehe, werde ich mehr spezialisierte Fächer haben wie z.B. Webentwicklung und Programmieren.
Mein Stundenplan ist ganz gut. Ich beginne ungefähr 8:30 jeden Tag und ich habe nur zwei wirklich lange Tage, das sind Mittwochs und Donnerstags. Donnerstag ist besonders schlimm, denn ich ende um um vier und habe Mittagessen um 10:30 Uhr.
Bis jetzt war das erste Jahr nicht so anders wie die Grundschule. Hauptsächlich haben wir mehr Fächer, was ich mehr mag. Die naturwissenschaftlichen Fächer gefallen mir am besten, aber weniger andere Fächer wie z.B. Religion. Ich finde das sehr hübsch, weil ich wirklich nur mit meinem Lieblingsfächer machen kann.
Meine wahl auf Schule war sehr einfach weil ich wollte an die Technischeleischtungskurs gehen und NTI ist einer der besten schulen in Uppsala für diesen Program. Dazu sind der Atmosfär aus die Schule sehr gut und als etwas ich könnte gefallen. Wir haben auch richtige Laptops, nicht die schlechten Chromebooks, wie ich an meiner letzten Schule und an vielen anderen Gymnasien habe.
Abschließend, habe in diesem Text geschrieben über meine schüle und ich hoffe da ihr wisst jetzt mehr über es.
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